机场净空区超高障碍物风险性分析

针对机场净空区超高障碍物较多的现象,对飞机飞行航迹进行了测试,提出了净空安全系数的概念,结合实际测试数据,应用统计分析原理,得出了净空安全系数的概率分布规律.以安全系数的分布规律为基础,对不同超高障碍物的风险性进行了分析,并提出了按照不同安全系数划分障碍物限制高度的思路,最后给出了不同类型机场净空安全系数的建议值,对各类机场净空管理和障碍物限制面的确定具有重要参考价值.     

WELFARE‐MAXIMISING PRICING IN A MACROECONOMIC MODEL WITH IMPERFECT COMPETITION AND CONSUMPTION EXTERNALITIES

This paper develops a simple macroeconomic model with imperfect competition and consumption externalities, and uses it to examine whether the marginal cost pricing rule in the partial equilibrium framework can apply to the general equilibrium framework. It is shown that, for welfare to be maximised, average revenue should be set equal to marginal cost if consumption externalities are either absent or positive. However, for welfare to be maximised, average revenue should be set higher than marginal cost in the presence of negative consumption externalities.     

TESTING THE CONTINGENCY «FIT» BETWEEN MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS AND MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE: A RESEARCH NOTE ON THE MODERATING ROLE OF TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY

This study examines the moderating effect of tolerance for ambiguity, a personality variable, on the relation between management accounting systems (MAS) design and managerial performance. MAS design was defined in terms of the extent to which managers» use of broad scope MAS information for managerial decision making. The responses of 63 managers, drawn from a cross-section of Australian manufacturing companies, to a questionnaire survey were analysed by using a multiple regression technique. The results indicate that the use of broad scope MAS information interact with tolerance for ambiguity to affect managerial performance. The results indicate that an appropriate «fit» between manager's personality variable of tolerance for ambiguity and the extent of use of broad scope MAS information for managerial decisions will lead to improved managerial performance.     

Tax Havens,Growth, and Welfare

This paper develops an endogenous growth model featuring tax havens, and uses it to examine how the existence of tax havens affects the economic growth rate and social welfare in high‐tax countries. We show that the presence of tax havens generates two conflicting channels in determining the growth effect. First, the public investment effect states that tax havens may erode tax revenues and in turn decrease the government's infrastructure expenditure, thereby reducing growth. Second, the tax planning effect of tax havens reduces marginal cost of capital and hence encourages capital accumulation so as to spur economic growth. The overall growth effect is ambiguous and is determined by the extent of these two effects. The welfare analysis shows that tax havens are more likely to be welfare‐enhancing if the government expenditure share in production is low, or the initial income tax rate is high. Moreover, the welfare‐maximizing income tax rate is lower than the growth‐maximizing income tax rate if tax havens are present.     

Testing for the utility maximization hypothesis of consumers using the revealed preference theory

The objective of this paper is to test the utility maximization hypothesis in various Western countries using the non-parametric approach based on the revealed preference theory. The data employed are annual time series covering the period 1964 to 1992 of per capita consumption and prices from Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden and Canada. The results indicate that all sample countries are consistent with the weak, strong and generalized axioms of the revealed preference theory. This implies that the observed behaviour of these consumers is consistent with the condition of utility maximization or, in other words, that the hypothesis of stability of individual preferences is accepted.     

On-the-Job Training, Immigration Reform, and the True Wages of Native Male Workers

This study measures the Immigration Reform and Control Act's (IRCA) impact on the "true" earnings of native workers. True earnings include observed wages and compensation received in the form of on-the-job training (OJT). Using 1983–1992 NLSY data, we present evidence suggesting IRCA reduced the true wages of male natives most likely to be mistaken as unauthorized. Our findings suggest that Mexican Americans suffered the largest decline in post-IRCA OJT. It appears then that antidiscrimination policies following recent immigration reform have not fully protected some U.S. natives against unintended IRCA-related employment discrimination.     

A SAVINGS SUBSIDISATION SYSTEM IN A MODEL OF ENDOGENOUS FERTILITY AND ENDOGENOUS GROWTH: AN EXTENSION OF WIGGER (1999)

Population ageing is now an established demographic characteristic of many economies. Economists working in the endogenous growth theory tradition have sought to model the relationship between public pensions, financed on a 'Pay-As-You-Go' basis, and the growth in per capita incomes. The resultant intergenerational wealth redistribution from young to older people seems to decrease private savings, diminish capital accumulation, and lower the growth of per capita incomes. The underlying transmission mechanism appears to be a crowding out effect in private capital markets contingent upon the introduction of public pension systems. A growing literature exists on the interrelationships between public pension schemes, fertility rates and endogenous growth. Following Wigger's (1999) pioneering overlapping generations endogenous growth model, we extend this model to examine the effects of a savings subsidisation system on the rate of per capita income growth, fertility and voluntary intrafamily wealth transfers, where parents view children both as an insurance good and a consumption good. Moreover, children care about the consumption levels of their parents. An increase in contributions to a savings subsidised public pension scheme will crowd out private intergenerational transfers from the young to the old and thereby negate the usefulness of children as an insurance good.     

ON THE FEASIBILITY OF A ONE-SPEED OR MULTISPEED EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION

This paper addresses two questions: (1) Is a twelve-country monetary union in Europe feasible? (2) Can monetary union be achieved at multispeed, i.e., with a small group of countries going first, and later admitting the others? After examining several politico-economic arguments concerning problems of feasibility of the union, we conclude with a fair amount of skepticism concerning the multispeed idea. We show that the final result of the process of monetary integration is dependent upon the number of countries that initiate it. Our discussion of feasibility sheds some light on the political economy of the recent (Fall 1992) turmoil in the monetary system of Europe.     

徐州市工业行业结构分析

在对徐州工业行业结构现状分析的基础上,以江苏省为参照系,采用Shift-share方法对其工业结构进行分析,得出如下结论：从部门优势上看,木材及制品、食品、煤炭、电力、煤气及水的生产和供应工业属于具部门优势的增长部门;从部门偏离分量上看,煤炭、食品、木材及制品、机械工业为竞争力较强的部门;从总体效果上看,徐州市的工业经济增长慢于江苏省的工业经济增长,城市工业在江苏省的地位下降。总体工业结构较差,城市竞争力弱;提出了加快徐州市工业结构调整的对策。     

农机补贴的收入分配效应：效率、公平，抑或兼而有之*

农机补贴是具有门槛效应的效率增益政策，通常效率与公平如鱼和熊掌不可兼得。本文通过理论模型分析了农机补贴对农业生产及农村劳动力转移的影响；并通过工具变量法和中介变量法研究了农机补贴的收入分配效应及其作用机制。研究发现，农机补贴显著降低了农户收入的基尼系数，提高了收入分配公平性；其作用机制是农机补贴提升了农业生产效率，促进了农村劳动力转移，提高了打工收入，尤其是相对贫困农户，溢出效应对冲了门槛效应，使得农机补贴的收入分配效应兼具了效率和公平。