A Dynamic Leontief Model with Non-renewable Resources

In this paper we study a generalization of the dynamic Leontief input–output model. We extend the standard dynamic Leontief model with the balance equation of non-renewable resources. Obviously, the non-renewable stocks will decrease, exploiting primary resources. In this study we examine the controllability of this extended model by taking the consumption as the control parameter. Assuming balanced growth for both consumption and production, we investigate how long these scarce resources will cover the input needs of production and how the lifetime of the system depends on the balanced growth rate and on the consumption. In doing so, we apply classic results from control theory and on eigenvalue problems in linear algebra.     

Salespersons as Internal Knowledge Brokers and New Products Selling: Discovering the Link to Genetic Makeup

Managers increasingly realize the importance of involving the sales force in new product development. However, despite recent progress, research on the specific role of the sales force in product innovation‐related activities remains scarce. In particular, the importance of a salespersons' internal knowledge brokering has been neglected. This study develops and empirically validates the concept of internal knowledge brokering behavior and its effect on selling new products and developing new business, and explores whether a salesperson's internal brokering qualities are determined by biological traits. The findings reveal that salespeople with the DRD2 A1 gene variant engage at significant lower levels of internal knowledge‐brokering behavior than salespeople without this gene variant, and as a result are less likely to engage effectively in new product selling. The DRD4 gene variant had no effect on internal knowledge brokering. Management and future research implications are discussed.     

Antecedents and consequences of environmental stewardship in boundary-spanning B2B teams

The authors examine antecedents and consequences of environmental stewardship in frontline business-to-business teams. On the basis of data from members of 34 teams organized into regional networks, they demonstrate the differential impact of team environmental stewardship on customer satisfaction ratings and sales. Furthermore, the results reveal lagged individual-level effects of autonomy and supervisory support on environmental stewardship, as well as lagged group-level effects of past performance. Finally, dispersion models of team stewardship differentially moderate antecedent–stewardship relationships. Whereas within-team consensus strengthens the impact of past satisfaction ratings on subsequent stewardship, between-team consensus weakens the negative impact of past sales.     

Disaggregating the Demand for Pesticides: Does it Matter?

This paper analyzes the demand of French farmers for pesticides by disaggregating among the three main categories of pesticides. We estimate the demand elasticities of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides with respect to pesticide expenditure, and also consider crop differentiation. We retain a Linear Approximated Almost Ideal Demand System specification. A Full‐Information Maximum Likelihood estimation procedure is used to deal with corner solution problems and censored data. The estimation is based on two cross‐sections covering pesticide use of three major crops cultivated in France in 2001 and 2006. Our results show that farmers' response to price variation is very low, especially for 2001. Furthermore, elasticities of pesticide expenditure are significantly different across categories: the highest levels are obtained for fungicides and the lowest ones for insecticides. Finally, we find higher own‐price elasticities for herbicides and fungicides than for insecticides, which are less frequently used.     

Towards Normative Theories of Social Entrepreneurship. A Review of the Top Publications of the Field

Journal of Business Ethics - In this article, we apply deductive content analysis to the 100 most influential publications in the field of social entrepreneurship (SE) to identify...     

Consumption smoothing in Russia1

Using a panel from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1994–2004), this paper investigates to what extent Russian households have been able to maintain their living standards while suffering income shocks. Consumption smoothing is modelled by means of an equilibrium correction mechanism, which disentangles short‐run dynamics and long‐run equilibrium adjustments. GMM estimation is used to control for individual household effects in the presence of dynamics. Additionally, we differentiate between food and non‐food consumption, positive and negative shocks, rural and urban areas, and several levels of poverty risk. We find that dynamics are important in the consumption equation, and that estimates are sensitive to imputation errors in home food production. No strong claims can be made regarding heterogeneity in smoothing behaviour.     

International Rent Sharing and Domestic Labour Markets: A Macroeconomic Analysis

Compared to international trade relations relatively little is known about the role foreign direct investment linkages play in the transmission of disturbances from one country to the next. Inspired by the microevidence on profit sharing within multinational corporations and within industries, we investigate for six countries whether a cross-border rent-sharing phenomenon can be identified at the macroeconomic level. The rent-sharing hypothesis implies that an increase in foreign profitability should boost wages and/or employment in the domestic economy. We find corroborative evidence for Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. US labour market conditions, by contrast, are not affected by changes in profitability in other countries. JEL no. E32, F23, F40, J23, J31     

An input approach to European comparative advantage in advanced products: A study with special emphasis on The Netherlands

Zusammenfassung Eine Input-orientierte Untersuchung der komparativen Vorteile Europas bei fortgeschrittenen Erzeugnissen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Niederlande.- Die Autoren zeigen, da\ die EG-L?nder - und besonders die Niederlande - im Laufe der siebziger Jahre den Vorsprung verringerten, den die Vereinigten Staaten ihnen gegenüber in der Verfügbarkeit von Humankapital hatten, das mittelfristig ein wichtiger Produktionsfaktor für eine solide Wettbewerbsposition der fortgeschrittenen Sektoren ist. Dagegen wurde auf dem Gebiet der Forschung und Entwicklung, das für die langfristige Wettbewerbsposition entscheidend ist, der Vorsprung Japans vor den USA und den EG-L?ndern (und besonders vor den Niederlanden) in den siebziger Jahren sogar noch gr?\er. Das sollte bedacht werden, wenn in der EG und vor allem in den Niederlanden z. B. eine Industriepolitik entworfen wird.

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Résumé Une approche d’input des avantages comparatifs européens en biens avancés: Une étude particulièrement sur les Pays Bas. - Les auteurs démontrent que pendant les années soixante-dix les pays CE - et particulièrement les Pays Bas - mitigaient l’avantage des E.U. concernant la disponibilité du capital humain comme facteur essentiel de production pour une solide position compétitive à moyen terme. Regardant recherche et développement comme facteurs essentiels pour la position compétitive à long terme, cependant, l’avance de Japon vis-à-vis les E.U. et les pays CE - et particulièrement les Pays Bas - même s’accr?t dans les années soixante-dix. Ce développement doit être considéré si l’on formule par example des politiques industrielles dans la CE et particulièrement aux Pays Bas.

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Resumen Los insumos en las ventajas comparativas de Europa en productos sofisticados: Un estudio con el énfasis en los Países Bajos. - Los autores demuestran que en los aftos 70 los paises de la CEE, particularmente los Países Bajos, lograron reducir la ventaja que les Uevan los EEUU en cuanto a la dotación con capital humano, que es un factor de producción esencial para llegar an una posición de competencia sólida en el mercado de productos avanzados. En investigación y desarrollo, que constituye un factor crucial para la posición competitiva de largo plazo en este campo, empero, la ventaja que le lleva el Japón a los EEUU y a la CEE y, particularmente, a los Países Bajos llegó a aumentar en los a?os 70. Esto debería ser tomado en cuenta cuando se formulen, por ejemplo, políticas industriales en la CEE y en los Países Bajos en particular.

     

适应车务段布局调整不断开辟挖潜提效新途径

论述齐齐哈尔车务段积极发挥新体制优势,不断创新运输组织方式,开辟挖潜提效新途径。在提高大站运输作业效率;形成粮食运输规模效应;提高车务段运输组织管理水平和专用铁路、地方铁路的运输效率等方面作出了成绩。