光学遥感观测技术在IDI保险行业的应用

IDI保险是工程质量类保险的一种,在国内主要应用于住宅项目。IDI保险需要在工程建设的全过程中进行质量管控和风险评估。常规水准检测、GPS等技术难以满足IDI保险对风险建筑进行大范围、快速、长期监测的需要。光学遥感观测技术是一种可以实现大面积地物监测的遥感观测技术,该技术可以为IDI保险的监测工作提供数据信息支持。论文整理了近几年关于光学遥感观测技术应用于建筑高度监测的文献,对分类法、边缘检测法、阈值法进行介绍和总结,说明光学遥感观测技术在IDI保险行业中有较高的应用价值和广阔的应用前景。     

Informal settlements’ needs and environmental conservation in Mexico City: An unsolved challenge for land-use policy

The aim of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of land-use policy in Mexico City in controlling the expansion of informal human settlements in peri-urban zones of high ecological value. It is argued that Mexico City's land-use policy has been reactive and internally inconsistent, failing to take informal settlements into account, has not offered the poor access to housing with adequate services and greater security in terms of land tenure, and lacks the necessary financial resources and institutional capabilities for providing solutions to these problems. Through a case study of informal settlement management policy in the Tlalpan Delegation,¹ applied in what has been termed SC or “Conservation Land,”² we conclude that local government exhibits an inability to confront the new challenge of urban sustainability, that it resorts to conventional solutions which give rise to contradictory situations where political decision-making prevails over ecological considerations, so land-use policy is permissive and does not halt informal urban expansion in areas of high environmental value.     

我们的共同价值——卡特彼勒的企业文化

<正> 一、卡特彼勒企业文化的内涵 卡特彼勒的企业文化有一个非常一般的名字—“我们的共同价值”。其所确立的文化,即:让我们的员工充分发挥他们的聪明才干;同时,其所营造的氛围,即:使我们能对客户的需求快速作出反应,不断去寻找解决问题的新方法,并对我们公司作出负责的决策。由这种共同价值所形成的凝聚力使我们公司拥有强大的竞争优势。这一点可以从公司生产效率以及员工的精神面貌中得以验证。     

Influence Allocation Methods in Group Decision Support Systems

Influence allocation processes are voting and opinion aggregating methods that allow members to distribute some or all of their decision making influence to others in the group in order to exploit not only the group's knowledge of the alternatives, but its knowledge of itself. Only with the common use of group decision support systems (GDSS) has their use become practical. In this paper we reconsider SPAN, an influence allocation process introduced by MacKinnon (1966a). Experimental comparison shows SPAN to be significantly better at selecting a correct option from a set of options than two common voting methods. An alternative influence allocation process that we call RCON (Rational Consensus), is based on a weighting method proposed by DeGroot (1974) and has been explicated as a normative standard for combining opinion by Lehrer and Wagner (1981). The judgmental inputs to SPAN would appear to be logically related to those for RCON. Submitting the SPAN inputs from the experiment, transformed in this logical way, to the RCON process results in somewhat better performance than with SPAN. However, evidence indicated that the two methods are conceptually and psychologically sufficiently different that an experimental comparison is needed between them.     

Valuación de opciones de tipo de cambio asumiendo distribuciones α-estables

This paper aims to present the valuation of options using the Black-Scholes method assuming α-stable distributions as an alternative option valuation in the Mexican market. The use of α-stable distributions for modelling financial series allows to overcome the classical valuation main weakness which assumes normality, by capturing the presence of heavy tails and asymmetry in financial time series. One of the main results is the price differential between the two models and the effect of alpha and beta parameters on prices; to show the difference valuation is made of a call option and a put option for the peso-dollar exchange rate. Likewise, basic sensitivity measurements of options (delta, gamma, and rho) were made and the effect of the stability parameter (α) was made on the implied volatility of options assuming the α-stable price as the market price.     

Meta-analysis of consumer's willingness-to-pay premiums for certified wood products

Consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) price premiums for environmentally certified wood products has been frequently estimated using stated preference methods. Estimates of WTP premiums for certified wood products over non-certified options reported in the literature range from 1.0% to 39.3%. This paper describes a meta-analysis used to determine the key factors associated with WTP price premium estimates by examining data from 19 different studies conducted around the world. Results of Bayesian hierarchical models show that frequently purchased wood products and wood products with lower base prices tend to capture higher percentage premiums. Survey administration method was also a statistically significant factor influencing variations in WTP estimates. Results show that conjoint analysis elicited inflated WTP estimates toward certified wood products compared with contingent valuation methods. Reported WTP estimates have increased in recent years. Recommendations to reduce the error of WTP estimates toward certified wood products and improve the validity of experimental studies are provided.     

Matching bias in labor demand estimation

Using a matched firm-worker dataset, we show both theoretically and empirically that positive assortative matching between firms and workers leads to an underestimation of the absolute value of wage elasticity of labor demand.     

草原承包经营权和草原环境权的法律协调保护

草原承包经营权和环境权都以草原为同一个客体,必然面临草原承包经营权和环境权的法律协调保护的问题。对此作者认为在草原实行禁牧、休牧、轮牧、适度放牧过程中既应考虑保护环境权也应考虑到保障承包经营权。为此,政府应完善财政体制和设立环境税收的制度,对草原承包权和环境权予以协调保护。     

EFFICIENT HEDGING OF EUROPEAN OPTIONS WITH ROBUST CONVEX LOSS FUNCTIONALS: A DUAL‐REPRESENTATION FORMULA

Motivated by numerical representations of robust utility functionals, due to Maccheroni et al., we study the problem of partially hedging a European option H when a hedging strategy is selected through a robust convex loss functional L(·) involving a penalization term γ(·) and a class of absolutely continuous probability measures . We present three results. An optimization problem is defined in a space of stochastic integrals with value function EH(·) . Extending the method of Föllmer and Leukerte, it is shown how to construct an optimal strategy. The optimization problem EH(·) as criterion to select a hedge, is of a “minimax” type. In the second, and main result of this paper, a dual‐representation formula for this value is presented, which is of a “maxmax” type. This leads us to a dual optimization problem. In the third result of this paper, we apply some key arguments in the robust convex‐duality theory developed by Schied to construct optimal solutions to the dual problem, if the loss functional L(·) has an associated convex risk measure ρ^L(·) which is continuous from below, and if the European option H is essentially bounded.