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Entrepreneurs often face the daunting task of predicting consumer demand before it exists—what consumers will want if and when the entrepreneur might make it available to them. Such alertness and judgment require an entrepreneur's vicarious imagination—the supposition of what a value experience would be like for another—such as empathy. Prevailing theories of empathy, however, are ill-suited for entrepreneurship theory as they are defined as and focused on an emotion-matching process. We propose that empathy be understood instead as a vicarious mental simulation of another's experience that, when accurate, produces similar emotions but also similar experiential knowledge. According to our ‘simulated empathy theory,’ empathy is a rational imagination process, intentional and knowledge-based. We connect this empathy process to contemporary entrepreneurship theory, namely opportunity recognition and evaluation processes. We also revise the concept of empathic accuracy accordingly, and derive therefrom some practical implications regarding how entrepreneurs can increase their empathic accuracy and, thereby, their chances of success. 相似文献
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Burnham O. Campbell 《The World Economy》1988,11(2):305-310
Colin I. Bradford and William H. Branson (eds). Trade and Structural Change in Pacific Asia Jimmy M. Wheeler and Perry L. Wood, Beyond Recrimination: Perspectives on US-Taiwan Trade Tensions Bruce Dickson and Harry Harding (eds), Economic Relations in the Asian-Pacific Region 相似文献
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Journal of Bioeconomics - The Ordinaries column began in 2019 to promote a Neo-Darwinian synthesis of neoclassical and behavioral economics. This article places already-published, as well as... 相似文献
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This paper explores the relationship between inner-city crime patterns and suburban income growth, analysing data on 318 US counties for selected metropolitan statistical areas of 32 states within the United States from 1982 to 1997. The findings suggest that violent crime does seem to have a negative impact on close-in suburbs, with a less negative impact farther away from the central city (becoming positive at some point). While results are not as robust as we had hoped they are consistent with flight to further-out suburbs rather than migration to different metropolitan areas in response to urban crime. 相似文献
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Consumer switching costs: A typology,antecedents, and consequences 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
Thomas A. Burnham Judy K. Frels Vijay Mahajan 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2003,31(2):109-126
The management of customer switching costs has been hampered by the lack of a comprehensive typology for conceptualizing,
categorizing, and measuring consumers' perceptions of these costs. This research develops a switching cost typology that identifies
three types of switching costs: (1) procedural switching costs, primarily involving the loss of time and effort; (2) financial
switching costs, involving the loss of financially quantifiable resources; and (3) relational switching costs, involving psychological
or emotional discomfort due to the loss of identity and the breaking of bonds. The research then examines the antecedents
and consequences of switching costs. The results suggest that consumers' perceptions of product complexity and provider heterogeneity,
their breadth of product use, and their alternative provider and switching experience drive the switching costs they perceive.
Furthermore, all three switching cost types significantly influence consumers' intentions to stay with their current service
provider, explaining more variance than does satisfaction.
In view of the potential importance of switching costs, the impact of all strategic moves on switching costs should be considered
Michael Porter (1980:122).
Thomas A. Burnham (Tburnham@scu.edu) (Ph.D., University of Texas) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Leavey School of Business at
Santa Clara University. His research investigates the strategic management of consumer switching costs and the use of customer
suggestions in product improvement. Prior to obtaining his doctorate, he developed strategic reports and budgets for MCI Telecommunications
and consulted with the management of a cooperative in Paraguay as a U.S. Peace Corps volunteer.
Judy K. Frels (Jfrels@rhsmith.umd.edu) (Ph.D., University of Texas) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Robert H. Smith School
of Business at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on the marketing of high-technology products, innovation adoption,
and consumer switching costs. Prior to obtaining her Ph.D., she spent 10 years developing operating systems and compilers,
as well as managing and marketing software and hardware products at IBM and at Tymlabs Corporation. She has consulted with
firms including SAIC, Imation, Input-Output, Inc., and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
Vijay Mahajan (Vmahajan@mail.utexas.edu) is John P. Harbin Centennial Chair in Business, McCombs School of Business, University of Texas
at Austin. He is currently serving as dean of the Indian school of Management, Hyderabad, India. He has published extensively
on innovation diffusion, new product development, and strategic marketing. 相似文献
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Terence C. Burnham 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2016,18(3):195-209
Standard economic theory does not consider the deep evolutionary history of humans. As such, economics ignores the notion that human nature can be ‘out of sync’ with certain aspects of modern life. In contrast, the theory of ‘evolutionary mismatch’ argues that novel products and situations might present particular difficulties. The assumptions of economics are discussed and examined from an evolutionary perspective including both equilibrium and mismatch. The conclusion is that economics would be changed by evolutionary thinking in general, and evolutionary mismatch in particular. 相似文献
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Terence C. Burnham 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2001,3(2-3):123-148
Economists and biologists have long grappled with the apparent contradiction of altruism in a naturally-selected world. Standard
economic models are built upon an assumption of material self-interest where agents maximize individual outcomes without regard
for the effects on others. This paper begins with a brief discussion of the evidence that human behavior deviates from the
economic assumption. With the goal of more accurately describing human nature, the interpersonal components of preferences
are derived in a genetic model. This model predicts a variety of behaviors that are considered paradoxical within the standard
economic framework. The optimal attitude towards others is parameterized by the genetic relationship between individuals and
by the population size. For interactions between ‘average’ individuals, the standard economic assumption is the limiting case
of the genetic model as the population becomes arbitrarily large.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献