专门化、多样化和中国地区工业产业增长的关系

本文通过分析中国29个省（除西藏外）的30个工业产业在1988－1997期间的数据。揭示了工业结构和经济增长之间的关系。本文除研究了传统的生产要素的影响外，重点探讨了产业专门化、专业多样化、竞争度和一省发展的初始水平等因素的作用。结果表明，一个产业外部工业环境的多样性和产业内的竞争度有利于产业的增长，但产业专门影响为负。工业结构对于增长的影响在很大程度上依赖于产业的性质及其地理位置。     

谁投票反对北美自由贸易协定?工会与自由贸易对对!

1.引言在俄亥俄州的众议员汤姆·索耶于1993年11月17日投票赞成北美自由贸易协定之后,该州汽车工会主席便公开声明在下届议员选举中将予以报复。在国会里,斗争激烈的北美自由贸易协定的投票表决给日益强烈的反对北美自由贸易的工人(尤其是有组织的工会工人)对国会议员的施加影响的机会。同时它也提供了从另一种角度去考察研究这场旷日持久的辩论:议员们的投票行为多大程度上反映了选区选民的经济利益或者是其它方面的影响,诸如,意识形志或党派忠诚。我们先概述些以往劳工在贸易问题上的态     

《长尾战略》：三分财富的“隆中对”

中国人多,只要能避开同质化竞争对手,就是个适合长尾战略的典型国家“谁是三国里的刘备?当中原和江南这两块热门与次热门地区已被曹、孙     

识别“陷阱条款”的27条妙计

“陷阱条款”是指试图把信用证从付款工具转变为非付款工具的信用证条款或措辞。这样的条款也称作软条款。而在信用证中加上一些软条款的不良风气始终无法消除，一旦把这类纠纷诉诸法庭，则受益的只有律师。因而了解这些陷阱的伎俩应该可以作为有效的预防措施之一。为了让读对如何识别和避免这类陷阱有一个更清晰的理解，这里提供一份我在过去28     

Balancing corporate power: a new Federalist paper

In an effort to govern their increasingly complex organizations, chief executives in some of today's largest corporations are turning to one of the world's oldest political philosophies-federalism. Given that organizations are seen more and more as minisocieties, the prospect of applying political principles to management makes a great deal of sense. Federalism is particularly appropriate because it offers a well-recognized system for dealing with paradoxes of power and control: the need to make things big by keeping them small; to encourage autonomy but within bounds; and to combine variety and shared purpose, individuality and partnership, local and global. As London Business School professor Charles Handy explains it, federalism responds to these paradoxes by balancing power among those in the center of the organization, those in the centers of expertise, and those in the center of the action--the operating businesses. The centers of federal organizations meet regularly, but they do not need to live together. Doing so would concentrate too much power in one place, whereas federalism gets its strength and energy from spreading responsibility across many decision points. Guided by five principles, federalism avoids the risks of autocracy and the overcontrol of a central bureaucracy. It ensures a measure of democracy and creates a "dispersed center" that is more a network than a place. That's why Asea Brown Boveri CEO Percy Barnevik calls his sprawling "multi-domestic" enterprise of 1,100 separate companies and 210,000 employees a federation. It succeeds because the independent bits, be they individuals, clusters, or business units, know they are part of the greater whole.     

Will your Medicare claims stand up?

In the first two installments of our series, we gave you the details of reimbursement under the new Medicare fee schedule, and showed how to code evaluation-and-management services with the revised CPT system.* This issue, we'll tell what to expect from Medicare carriers as they teach and enforce the new payment rules.