This paper develops the notion of parallel-neutral technical change for inputs and outputs. It is shown that parallel-neutral
technical change generalizes existing radial notions of neutral technical change. A taxonomy of the structural consequences
of parallel-neutral technical change is developed. 相似文献
Softlifting, or the illegal duplication of copyrighted software by individuals for personal use, is a serious and costly problem
for software developers and distributors. Understanding the factors that determine attitude toward softlifting is important
in order to ascertain what motivates individuals to engage in the behavior. We examine a number of factors, including personal
moral obligation (PMO), perceived usefulness, and awareness of the laws and regulations governing software acquisition and
use, along with facets of personal self-identity that may play a role in the development of attitudes and therefore intentions
regarding this behavior. These factors are examined across multiple settings expected to be pertinent to our survey respondents:
home, work and school. Personal moral obligation and perceived usefulness are significant predictors of attitude across all
settings. Past behavior is a significant predictor of intention across all settings, and a significant predictor of attitude
in the home setting. We find evidence that awareness of the law causes a less favorable evaluation of softlifting in the school
setting only, but has little effect in the home and work settings. As in previous studies, attitude is a significant predictor
of intent. We do not find indications that one’s personal self-identity influences one’s attitude towards the behavior and
the intention to perform it, except in the case of legal identity, where marginally significant effects are found in the work
environment.
Dr. Tim Goles is an assistant Professor in the Information Systems Department of the University of Texas-San Antonio. He has
numerous publications, most of which pertain to information systems.
Dr. Bandula Jayatilaka is an Assistant Professor in the School of Mangement in Binghamton University-SUNY. Most of his publications
pertain to information systems.
Dr. Beena George is an Assistant Professor at the Cameron School of Business, University of St. Thomas, Houston, Most of her
pblications pertain to information systems.
Dr. Linda Parsons is an Assistant Professor in the Accounting Department at George Mason University. Most of her publications
pertain to accounting information systems and nonprofit organizations.
Dr. David S. Taylor is an Assitant Professor at Sam Houston State University. Most of his publications pertain to information
systems.
Rebecca Brune has a strong accounting background; her work is predominantly in the information systems field. 相似文献
This paper has three goals. First, we demonstrate that standard arguments and methods from production and duality analysis
can be used to provide a comprehensive and general treatment of the value of information for a risk-averse firm with expected-utility
(linear-in-probabilities) preferences and a general stochastic technology. Second, we place bounds on the value of information
for a risk-averse firm and relate these bounds to characteristics of the technology and the producer’s preferences. The third
and final goal is to derive the implications that information differences can have for measured efficiency differences and
to relate the bounds on the value of information to those measured differences.
相似文献
Objective: To investigate preferences for fertility treatment from the Australian general population with the aims of calculating the willingness to pay in tax contribution for attributes (characteristics) that make up treatment and for an “ideal” fertility treatment program. We also assessed whether willingness-to-pay varies by the relationship status or sexual orientation of the patient.
Methods: A stated preference discrete choice experiment was administered to a panel of 801 individuals representative of the Australian general population. Seven attributes of fertility treatment under three broad categories were included: outcome, process, and cost. Attributes were identified through published literature, focus group discussions, expert knowledge, and a pilot study. A Bayesian fractional experimental design was used, and data analysis was performed using a generalized multinomial logit model. Further analyses included interaction terms and latent class modeling.
Results: Six of the seven attributes influenced the choice of a treatment program. Under process attributes, individuals preferred: continuity of care of clinic staff, where patients are seen by the same doctor but different nurses at each visit; “alternative” treatments being offered to all patients; and onsite clinic counseling and peer-support groups. Personalization and tailoring of the treatment journey were not important. Among outcome attributes, the improved success rate of having a baby per cycle and significant side-effects were considered important. Cost of treatment also influenced the choice of treatment program. Individual preferences for fertility treatment were not associated with patients’ relationship status or sexual orientation. Latent class modeling revealed sub-groups with distinct fertility treatment preferences.
Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the attributes that influence the preferences of fertility treatment in Australia. It also estimates socially-inclusive willingness-to-pay values in tax contributions for an “ideal” package of treatment. The results can inform economic evaluations of fertility treatment programs. 相似文献
This paper explores the properties of jackknife methods of estimation in stationary autoregressive models. Some general results concerning the correct weights for bias reduction under various sampling schemes are provided and the asymptotic properties of a jackknife estimator based on non-overlapping sub-samples are derived for the case of a stationary autoregression of order p when the number of sub-samples is either fixed or increases with the sample size at an appropriate rate. The results of a detailed investigation into the finite sample properties of various jackknife and alternative estimators are reported and it is found that the jackknife can deliver substantial reductions in bias in autoregressive models. This finding is robust to departures from normality, ARCH effects and misspecification. The median-unbiasedness and mean squared error properties are also investigated and compared with alternative methods as are the coverage rates of jackknife-based confidence intervals. 相似文献
In this study, we provide evidence on the pricing of other comprehensive income (OCI) that differs from most evidence in prior
research. Prior archival research has largely concluded that OCI is not priced by investors. In contrast, we provide evidence
in the post-SFAS 130 period that OCI is priced on a dollar-for-dollar basis as is predicted by economic theory for transitory
income items. We attribute this finding to our use of post-SFAS 130 as-reported measures of OCI rather than pre-SFAS 130 as-if estimates of OCI measures. Furthermore, we document that two components of OCI, foreign currency translation adjustment and
unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities, are priced by investors. In the post-SFAS 130 period, we also find
that the type of financial statement in which firms report OCI and its components affects pricing, consistent with the conclusions
of prior experimental research. However, our evidence suggests that investors pay greater attention to OCI information reported
in the statement of changes in equity, rather than in a statement of financial performance. This could be attributed to investors
becoming more familiar in the post-SFAS 130 period with the predominant reporting of OCI and its components in the statement
of changes in equity. These findings may be relevant to both the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the International
Accounting Standards Board, which jointly are undertaking a new project that, in part, is addressing financial statement presentation
of OCI items.
In the present paper, risk‐management problems where farmers manage risk both through production decisions and through the use of market‐based and informal risk‐management mechanisms are considered. It is shown that many of these problems share a common structure, and that a unified and informative treatment of a broad spectrum of risk‐management tools is possible within a cost‐minimisation framework, under minimal conditions on their objective functions. Fundamental results are derived that apply regardless of the producer's preference towards risks, using only the no‐arbitrage condition that agricultural producers never forego any opportunity to lower costs without lowering returns. 相似文献