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排序方式: 共有59条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
Julia Planko Maryse M.H. Chappin Jacqueline Cramer Marko P. Hekkert 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2019,28(5):665-674
This paper is amongst the first to examine coopetition strategy for sustainable development at the network level. Companies who want to successfully implement complex innovative technologies that support sustainable development need to collaborate with other actors of the innovation ecosystem, including their competitors, so that they can develop standards, interoperable products, pool knowledge, and resources and bundle forces to compete against other technologies. Collaboration with competitors brings benefits, but also many risks. We investigated how firms cope with these risks when establishing an innovation ecosystem to implement a new technology in society. We conducted research in the Dutch smart grids sector and explored how these firms minimize inherent risks of coopetition. We found that system‐building actors in the Dutch smart grid field not only minimize inherent risks, but from the start of their collaboration they implement so‐called enablers to prevent these risks upfront. 相似文献
2.
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's Order 636 fundamentally altered the regulatory and operational environment of the natural gas industry in 1992, as the culmination of several directives aimed at relaxing regulation and fostering competition. We hypothesize that gas pipeline firms subsequently changed their operational and financial behavior in ways consistent with reduced balkanization, increased competition, and reduced expense preference behavior. Our results indicate that these firms have become more homogeneous financially but less so operationally. We find evidence that the marginal profitability of various pipeline activities has responded more to financial market conditions than to the regulatory environment. 相似文献
3.
Expressions for marginal distribution functions of sequential order statistics and generalized order statistics are presented without any restrictions imposed on the model parameters. The results are related to the relevation transform, to the distribution of the product of Beta distributed random variables, and to Meijers G-functions. Some selected applications in the areas of moments, conditional distributions, recurrence relations, and reliability properties are shown.
Key words:Order statistics; Generalized order statistics; Sequential order statistics; Record values; Distribution theory; Meijers G-function; Recurrence relations; Reliability properties. 相似文献
4.
J. S. Cramer 《Statistica Neerlandica》1966,20(2):225-239
Summary The life distribution of motorcars is examined over the period from 1950 to 1964. Age-specific survival rates, derived from Dutch registrations, are averaged and lead to the life table shown in table 4. The deviations from average age-specific survival rates show no significant variation over time nor over successive car generations. Since the registrations include an increasing number of used cars imported from Germany this apparent stability hides compensating changes in car scrap page. Since before the war the life expectancy of motorcars has increased from 8 to 11 years, and it is argued that this is due to the widening of the used car market. In the next stage, which is already well under way in Germany, new cars replace used cars, and rising apparent scrappage rates reflect the disposal of the latter by export. 相似文献
5.
6.
Michael Cramer 《Metrika》1997,46(1):187-211
The asymptotic distribution of a branching type recursion with non-stationary immigration is investigated. The recursion is
given by
, where (X
l
) is a random sequence, (L
n
−1(1)
) are iid copies ofL
n−1,K is a random number andK, (L
n
−1(1)
), {(X
l
),Y
n
} are independent.
This recursion has been studied intensively in the literature in the case thatX
l
≥0,K is nonrandom andY
n
=0 ∀n. Cramer, Rüschendorf (1996b) treat the above recursion without immigration with starting conditionL
0=1, and easy to handle cases of the recursion with stationary immigration (i.e. the distribution ofY
n
does not depend on the timen).
In this paper a general limit theorem will be deduced under natural conditions including square-integrability of the involved
random variables. The treatment of the recursion is based on a contraction method.
The conditions of the limit theorem are built upon the knowledge of the first two moments ofL
n
. In case of stationary immigration a detailed analysis of the first two moments ofL
n
leads one to consider 15 different cases. These cases are illustrated graphically and provide a straight forward means to
check the conditions and to determine the operator whose unique fixed point is the limit distribution of the normalizedL
n
. 相似文献
7.
Summary We have studied the choice of mode of payment from a 1987 Dutch household survey. The institutional arrangements of a transaction are a major determinant for the mode of payment, and so is the amount involved. A 10% increase in the sum paid usually leads to a reduction of about 1.3% to 2.3% in the incidence of currency use.Based on De keuze van een betaalmiddel (The Choice of Mode of Payment), (SEO, Amsterdam, 1989), which reports research commissioned by the Postbank, Amsterdam. 相似文献
8.
Nicholas C. Williamson Steven M. Cramer Susan Myrden 《International Trade Journal》2013,27(3):258-300
This article presents methodology for identifying product categories that, if they were made the subjects of a specified state's export promotions, would hold promise for satisfying relevant needs of members of three key “stakeholder” groups regarding the outcomes of the governmentally sponsored export promotions: the World Trade Organization (WTO), managements of non-exporting, small- and- medium-sized (SME) manufacturing concerns, and governmental entities who are responsible for raising funds to support such promotions. Methodology is applied in the context of a state in the United States (North Carolina). The methodology is then applied in the context of a state in the United States (North Carolina). The presentations of the results of the application of the methodology at each of the 2-, 4- and 6-digit HS-coded product category levels are in each case followed by discussions of implications of the results. 相似文献
9.
Health care managers may encounter employees who seem to have an "attitude." The employee may have a pattern of ingrained, inflexible, maladaptive responses to anxiety indicative of a personality disorder. When the employee has a pervasive sense of self-importance, is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, and requires excessive admiration, a narcissistic personality disorder or traits may be present. Although this individual can cause havoc in the workplace, an alert manager who uses specific management techniques can enable the narcissistic employee to be productive and to be an asset in the work setting. This article provides a look at the etiology, symptoms, and management of the narcissistic employee. When the employee is willing to be assisted, the behavior can be modified and the necessary level of adaptation can occur. This can result in a more productive, less chaotic workplace. 相似文献
10.