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In this paper, we look for asymmetries in the Spanish business cycle. To that end, we firstly propose an easy nonparametric
testing procedure to test for symmetry based on a Pearson's chi-squared statistic, which we call P-test. Then, we test for two popular forms of asymmetry, deepness and steepness, using a battery of nonparametric tests. In
addition, we analyse possible complementarities between the tests used in this paper, and we compute p-value adjustments for multiple tests. 相似文献
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Countries whose cities host the Summer Olympic Games increase significantly their success during the competition. We study whether such effect is lasting or not. We compute the effect of hosting on the total number of medals in the subsequent games. To confront the issue that the selection of the host city is endogenous, we use a natural counterfactual: countries whose cities also bid for the Olympics but were not selected by the International Olympic Committee. In all cases, we find that Olympic success on medals fades away immediately after hosting. 相似文献
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Arshad Muhammad Abid Ghulam Torres Francoise Venezia Contreras 《Quality and Quantity》2021,55(1):133-150
Quality & Quantity - This study empirically examined how ethical leadership and leader-member exchange mediates the relationship between prosocial motivation and organizational citizenship... 相似文献
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Leyva-de la Hiz Dante I. Aragon-Correa J. Alberto Earle Andrew G. 《Journal of Business Ethics》2022,176(4):705-721
Journal of Business Ethics - Opportunistic behaviors are considered ethically and strategically troublesome since they disrupt otherwise mutually beneficial relationships. Previous literature has... 相似文献
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Elvis Parraguez-Vergara Beatriz Contreras Neidy Clavijo Vivian Villegas Nelly Paucar Francisco Ther 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2018,16(4-5):326-341
The current challenge for world agriculture is to provide food for a growing population, within a context of environmental degradation and economic inequality. The challenge is how to produce accessible, healthy, diverse, nutritious, safe and abundant food in a way that is sustainable, allowing farmers to exert food sovereignty while at the same time addressing ecosystem conservation. The aim of this study is to explore the potential contribution of traditional agriculture to food sovereignty and also to understand the challenges that indigenous communities are facing today. Our case studies are from six Latin-American countries: Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala and Mexico, where we carried out semi-structured, guided visits and field observations. Our results shed light on how traditional agricultural knowledge, techniques and practices can contribute to these issues, but also to the need of protecting and recovering the cultural and ecological heritage. There is a need to resolve public management issues, related to development investment, technological packages, cultural loss and gender. If these are not addressed, the potential contribution of ancient agricultural knowledge will fail to contribute to strengthen food sovereignty and maintain the local markets, which are also places for seed exchange, knowledge sharing and social networking. 相似文献
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D. Contreras 《Economic Systems Research》1998,10(1):31-44
In January 1986, Spain became a member of the European Economic Community (now the European Union). This had two major effects on the Spanish economy: first, the introduction of a new tax, i. e. value-added tax; second, the variation of foreign trade taxes. The new situation produced considerable changes throughout the Spanish economy, but the main effect was on the country's industrial structure. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to verify how Spain's industrial production system was affected by these two facts, in view of price variations induced by the circumstances mentioned. We present the analysis at the regional level. 相似文献
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Nikolaus Axmann Kendal Swanson Victor Cuspinera Contreras 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2016,43(2):165-175
Using data from the Indian Human Development Survey, we examine evidence of caste and religion-based discrimination in the Indian private and public sector. Both Dalits and Adivasis show significant results of discrimination in the private sector, and benefit disproportionately from working in the public sector. This is strong evidence that at least some of the affirmative action policies in the public sector are proving effective. The policy implications are relevant: should similar affirmative action policies be implemented in the private sector? Further, this research suggests a path for further research to understand why protected castes do not benefit from affirmative action programs to the same extent as Dalits and Adivasis. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether the image transfer theory and the elaboration likelihood model can provide a theoretical framework capable of assessing the influence of consumers’ product involvement and family firms’ identity communication through websites on consumer responses. This research conducted an experiment using an eye‐tracking technique measuring attention to family and nonfamily corporate websites. The procedure involved 120 participants. Consistent with the image transfer theory, family firms’ identity through websites positively impacts attitude toward the website and intention to buy. Additionally, the attitude toward the website affects the relationship between family firms’ identity through websites and the intention to buy. In line with the elaboration likelihood model, consumers’ product involvement negatively impacts the relationship between family firms’ identity through websites and intention to buy. 相似文献
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Efficiency in a firm is important because it ensures that the economy’s scarce resources are not being wasted. It produces something else of value—profits or the continued existence of the organisation. This work contributes to the literature on efficiency in franchising. Specifically, it is focused on the sector of travel agencies which operate in the franchising system in Spain. This fact is an original contribution and is very important because until now there have not been any studies about efficiency in this sector of franchising. The results show that the number of brand names which are efficient is around 50%. This means that many chains are not efficient. This result may be, to a great extent, a result of the dynamics of this sector in recent years. A Tobit model is also used in order to characterise the franchisors’ efficiency. Some important findings are showed. 相似文献