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Placing the Urban Village: A Spatial Perspective on the Development Process of Urban Villages in Contemporary China
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Dror Kochan 《International journal of urban and regional research》2015,39(5):927-947
The rapid urbanization of China since the mid‐1980s has led to the development of a new spatial category, the urban village (chengzhongcun). The dominant neoliberal urban development regime approaches urban villages as a social, spatial, economic and political problem, and as targets for aggressive redevelopment and eradication policies. In this article, I propose a spatial perspective that makes use of several theoretical ‘anchors' to analyze the influence of urban village spatiality on its development process and to explore alternatives to the dominant redevelopment model. I begin by examining the spatial conceptualization of the urban village as a non‐place, arguing that this spatial reading undergirds the redevelopment‐by‐demolition model and tends to obscure alternative conceptualizations. I then move on to propose three alternative readings of urban village space, examining it as an everyday space, a liminal space and a neighborhood. Combining these three readings with the ‘non‐place' conceptualization provides a nuanced understanding of urban villages' unique spatial attributes and social roles, by evoking spatial and social processes that take place in most urban villages across China. Taken together, these spatial readings challenge the social and spatial rigidity of dominant representations of urban villages and supply a much‐needed spatially based conceptual framework that can be used to develop new urban planning models. 相似文献
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Dror Goldberg 《Economic Theory》2012,50(2):489-497
Throughout modern history governments have tried to promote the general acceptance of their unbacked paper currencies. One of the most common devices has been legal tender laws that have assured the acceptance of these currencies as tax payments. Economic theory has largely ignored this mechanism, except for the static models of Starr (Econometrica 42:45?C54, 1974; Econ Theory 21:455?C474, 2003). I provide the first dynamic model of this mechanism, thus showing explicitly the medium of exchange role of money, accounting for expectations about the government??s survival, and enabling more realistic taxation systems. I show that a stable government can promote its currency by refusing to accept other objects in tax payments. While this mechanism has similarities to convertibility, it differs from it on a critical aspect: with this mechanism the government can often keep its favorite money in circulation even while increasing its quantity and thus causing it to decrease in value. This opens the door for a successful inflationary policy. 相似文献
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Yehezkel Dror 《Futures》1991,23(7)
The EC faces difficult strategic choices which constitute fuzzy gambles with history. Available capacities, however successful in the past, are inadequate for meeting new challenges. Required are upgrading in political will, realistic visions, policy cogitation, and implementation. Operational recommendations include: preserving and strengthening the authority of the Commission; changing voting rules in the Council, while avoiding membership increases until this is accomplished; building up coherent economic, internal, and external relations-security decision processes; encouraging utopian thinking on EC futures; strengthening coherent policy making by fortifying the Commission Presidency; installation of crisis decision making modalities; reinforcing implementation consideration, monitoring and facilitation; intensive training of high-level Commission staff in strategic choice analysis; establishment of an EC Policy College; and setting up a central EC Think Tank together with improvement of pluralistic EC policy R&D. Since the future is shaped by necessity, chance and choice, upgraded strategic choice does not guarantee the desired effects, but is imperative in terms of both morality and effectiveness. 相似文献
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This paper provides an analytical solution to a cash management problem when cash income and demand are described by Compound Poisson processes. The paper generalizes past results in the cash management literature to arbitrary income and demand distribution functions. Further, our results can be applied as well in the area of banking. Throughout the paper we restrict attention to the family of control barrier policies. These consist in hedging cash up to a critical level and investing all incoming cash exceeding this level. We employ a long-run average cost criterion to determine an optimal control barrier. A diffusion approximation of the cash level process (income less demand) is used to obtain a simpler expression for the average cost and to yield a closed form solution to the optimal control barrier. For demonstration purposes, an example is resolved. 相似文献
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Yehezkel Dror 《Futures》1993,25(10):1074-1077
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Technological innovations are the substance of technology and the drivers of its evolution. This process was studied by analyzing the US patent data base, getting information on types of innovation and on their trends.It was found that the evolution of a technology depends upon its annexing multitechnology innovations. Ascending technologies utilize wide-range innovations, while mature technologies utilize narrow-range innovations. The findings are summed up in a model that shows the life cycle of a technology, from emergence to maturity.The model can be applied at a laboratory level, at a firm strategy level, as well as at the national level. Some examples are presented to illustrate applications. 相似文献