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This research uses microdata from the 1986 Statistics Canada Family Expenditure Survey and from the 1986–88 U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey to estimate equivalence scales using a methodology which is very similar to that employed by Statistics Canada for the estimation of Low-Income Cutoffs. Employing identical sample selection criteria and identically specified models, we find that equivalence scales for the two countries are not, in general, statistically different when estimated in the same way. The larger issue is then whether the two countries should choose the same methodology for the estimation of equivalence scales. 相似文献
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Optimal surveillance against foot‐and‐mouth disease: the case of bulk milk testing in Australia 下载免费PDF全文
Tom Kompas Pham Van Ha Hoa Thi Minh Nguyen Iain East Sharon Roche Graeme Garner 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2017,61(4):515-538
Previous foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks and simulation‐based analyses suggest substantial payoffs from detecting an incursion early. However, no economic measures for early detection have been analysed in an optimising framework. We investigate the use of bulk milk testing (BMT) for active surveillance against an FMD incursion in Australia. We find that BMT can be justified, but only when the FMD entry probability is sufficiently high or the cost of BMT is low. However, BMT is well suited for post‐outbreak surveillance, to shorten the length of time and size of an epidemic and to facilitate an earlier return to market. 相似文献
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Phillip Garner 《Economics Letters》2010,106(2):98-100
This paper reconciles the recent vs. very long-run evidence on scale effects in endogenous growth models by extending Howitt's (1999) model to include a subsistence constraint in consumption. Scale effects will be present only when this constraint is binding. 相似文献
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Maurice Garner 《公共资金与管理》2013,33(2):29-32
A market‐oriented approach to housing, if consistently applied, can lead to more efficiency, wider choice, and greater equity. But the Government's obsession with home‐ownership is leading them to ignore the function and importance of the public housing sector even within such a market‐based system. 相似文献
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A Gini decomposition analysis of inequality in the Czech and Slovak Republics during the transition1
Disposable income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient and using the Family Budget Survey data, increased very little, and by a similar amount, from 1989 to 1993 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This surprising result is examined with an analysis of changes in the channels of redistribution and Gini decomposition. We find that the sizeable increase in overall inequality due to changes in the wage earnings component is mitigated by changes in the tax and transfer components in both republics. As for the relative effects of government policies, changes in the transfer component contributed more than changes in the tax component to lowering the growth of inequality in the Czech Republic, while the reverse was true for Slovakia. 相似文献
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Sustainability marketing at the farmers’ market: An ethnographic analysis of ambiguous communication
Benjamin Garner 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2019,43(1):14-22
Farmers’ markets have grown rapidly in recent decades. One explanation for this growth relates to consumers’ view that farmers’ market products are more sustainable. While many have analyzed customer preferences at farmers’ markets, few have examined farmers’ message strategies in this space. Little has been done to analyze the ways farmers use sustainability as a marketing approach. This ethnographic research is based on 100 hr of observation and in‐depth interviews with 36 participants and analyzes the ways farmers position their products as sustainable to customers. The findings indicate that sustainability is not a primary topic of conversation during customerfarmer interaction. However, related concepts such as environment, local, organic, and chemical serve as the proxies for sustainability, even though these messages are presented ambiguously. 相似文献
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We investigate how executives, the board, and excess compensation jointly affect the performance of nonprofits. Since the common measure of nonprofit performance often includes salaries, we also use expenses that directly benefit the targeted population. Our results suggest that above average compensation for executives is associated with poor firm performance. However, the negative relation of CEO pay to performance occurs for firms with only one executive, the CEO. We conclude that a powerful CEO with autonomy can harm firm performance, but other executives can mitigate these agency problems. The board also appears to monitor direct community benefits more than indirect benefits. 相似文献
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