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1.
An experimental study investigated the influence of mood on the acquisition of affective consumer attitudes. Within an evaluative conditioning paradigm, participants in happy or sad mood were presented with evaluatively neutral products paired with affectively liked or disliked faces. Subsequent likability ratings revealed that the mere co‐occurrence of a product with the valenced face influenced the evaluation of the previously neutral targets. However, this effect of affective learning was significantly stronger in the sad‐mood condition. A subsequent awareness test indicated that contingency awareness plays a role in the acquisition of consumer attitudes. The implications for consumer research and attitude formation processes are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
2.
The New Growth Theory and Coasean Economics: Institutions to Capture Externalities. — This paper presents the main theoretical arguments which lead many adherents of the New Growth Theory to the conclusion that externalities in research and development are important for economic growth and warrant government subsidies. In contrast, the authors point to private institutions like associations, company structures and industry clusters which can capture such externalities. An international comparison of private R&;D investment and special features of institutions in Switzerland and Japan are in line with this hypothesis. Thus, the argument for R&;D subsidies made by the New Growth Theory is considerably reduced. 相似文献
3.
Summary In this paper we consider a class of time discrete intertemporal optimization models in one dimension. We present a technique to construct intertemporal optimization models with nonconcave objective functions, such that the optimal policy function coincides with any pre-specifiedC
2 function. Our result is a variant of the approach presented in a seminal paper by Boldrin and Montrucchio (1986). Whereas they solved the inverse problem for the reduced form models, we address the different question of how to construct both reduced and primitive form models. Using our technique one can guarantee required qualitative properties not only in reduced, but also in primitive form. The fact that our constructed model has a single valued and continuous optimal policy is very important as, in general, nonconcave problems yield set valued optimal policy correspondences which are typically hard to analyze. To illustrate our constructive approach we apply it to a simple nonconcave model.We are grateful for the helpful comments of L. Montrucchio, K. Nishimura, T. Mitra and an anonymous referee. Financial support of the Austrian Science Foundation under contract No. P7783-PHY and No. J01003-SOZ is gratefully acknowledged. This paper was written while M. Kopel was visiting the Department of Economics, Cornell University. 相似文献
4.
Herbert Dawid 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》1996,6(4):361-373
We analyze the learning behaviour of a Simple Genetic Algorithm in an overlapping generations model with one consumption
good and fiat money. It is shown by simulations, that in cases where periodic equilibria exist the equilibrium of period two
is learned by a Genetic Algorithm and not the monetary steady state. We further show that proper coding leads to convergence
of the GA towards the sunspot equilibrium. If individuals who believe in the impact of sunspots are brought together with
individuals who ignore the sunspots, the sunspot believes will in most cases drive the other individuals out of the population. 相似文献
5.
Internal rate of return (IRR) is one of the most common and important indicators in investment analysis because it is often used by managers and practitioners as a decision-making criterion. Moreover, the IRR reflects the financial cost in financing decisions and it helps to answer the following question when comparing different financing alternatives: “Which loan is the cheapest?” Among the different types of loans in Brazil, there is a financial product called a prepurchase financing pool (PPFP) that is generally regarded as the best option for financing or loans. The objective of this article is to use the prepurchase financing pool to show the flaws of IRR in financial analysis. In particular, when IRR is used to evaluate the prepurchase financing pool, one finds problems of reliability regarding (i) existence, (ii) uniqueness, and (iii) economic interpretation of the rate. The results show that the prepurchase financing pool is relevant evidence that the IRR flaws are found in financial products. 相似文献
6.
Herbert HARRIS 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》1948,19(4):252-257
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本文回顾了适用于严格固定货币汇率的技术方法,并从对货币联盟通过货币汇率严格固定所获得的利益与付出的代价的研究中给出证明。事实上,丧失货币主权而付出的代价由于有效资本市场和劳动力市场的形成而降低了。本文还讨论了一个被忽略的实行严格货币固定的好处,即小国因此而事受到更好的货币政策。完善的货币政策得以形成是因为小国将其货币主权交托于大型机构(大国央行或是货币联盟央行)后,其货币政策将免受政治因素的影响;另外部分原因在于大型机构拥有更多的金融和人力资源去设计和执行最佳的货币政策。由于在联盟内部实行区内贸易和资本流动,因此即便太央行的货币政策出错。对于它所服务的成员国来说,造成的影响也较小。 相似文献
9.
Claire W. Herbert Martin J. Murray 《International journal of urban and regional research》2015,39(3):471-494
By the start of the twenty‐first century, the once dominant historical downtown core of Johannesburg had lost its privileged status as the center of business and commercial activities, the metropolitan landscape having been restructured into an assemblage of sprawling, rival edge cities. Real estate developers have recently unveiled ambitious plans to build two completely new cities from scratch: Waterfall City and Lanseria Airport City (formerly called Cradle City) are master‐planned, holistically designed ‘satellite cities’ built on vacant land. While incorporating features found in earlier city‐building efforts, these two new self‐contained, privately‐managed cities operate outside the administrative reach of public authority and thus exemplify the global trend toward privatized urbanism. Waterfall City, located on land that has been owned by the same extended family for nearly 100 years, is spearheaded by a single corporate entity. Lanseria Airport City/Cradle City is a planned ‘aerotropolis’ surrounding the existing Lanseria airport at the northwest corner of the Johannesburg metropole. These two new private cities differ from earlier large‐scale urban projects because everything from basic infrastructure (including utilities, sewerage, and the installation and maintenance of roadways), landscaping, security services, the regulation of common spaces, and selling and branding the city are firmly in the hands of private profit‐making corporate entities and outside the mandate of public authorities. 相似文献
10.
The third millenium will be a defining period for the future of human rights worldwide. In the second millenium, rudimentary concepts of human rights emerged, evolved, expanded and ultimately were woven into an intricate and detailed web of rights that has been globally enunciated, but not yet universally recognized and enforced. Since World War II, developments have occurred at an escalating pace. The UN and the World Court have been established. Criminal tribunals have been created, and regional courts and regional security organizations have been installed. There is growing recognition that rulers of nations must be subject to civil and criminal jurisdiction of international law. At the close of the second millenium we are witnessing the first ever indictment of a sitting ruler for violations of international criminal law. Despite important progress, many obstacles must be overcome before the rule of law will prevail globally. 相似文献