Interdependent preferences: an econometric analysis

The theoretical model of Gaertner (1974) and Pollak (1976) for the interdependence of preferences in the Linear Expenditure System is estimated for a cross-section of households. The interdependence of consumption of different households has implications for the stochastic structure of the model and for the identifiability of its parameters. Both aspects are dealt with. The empirical results indicate a significant role played by the interdependence of preferences. One of its implications is that predictions of the effects of changes in a household's exogenous variables differ according to whether the exogenous variable only changes for this household or for all households jointly. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cooperation between China and Tanzania on ICT: fish,fishing tackle or fishing skills?

Tanzania has ambitions of moving from a mere consumer of information and communication technologies to a designing and manufacturing base. This paper aims to assess the role of public–private partnerships with Chinese institutions in the achievement of this goal. Through an in-depth case study, this paper examines the contributions of three Chinese multinationals in terms of technology transfer and technological capacity building in local firms in Tanzania. The analysis contrasts the organisation of improvements on the manner of technology transfer and capacity building in these partnerships with prior Sino-Tanzanian partnership efforts in technology and industry. The Chinese multinationals had a labour localisation rate of 60% on average, with some training services provided to Tanzanian nationals and supply of services and equipment to Tanzanian firms. However, the overall level of technology transfer continues to be weak. Observed barriers to technology transfer include weak incentives for collaboration between Chinese and Tanzanian firms and low-level technology embedded in activities offshored by the Chinese multinationals to Tanzania.     

Interindustry Linkages in Indonesian Manufacturing 1

Deepening and strengthening of the industrial structure one of the prionties of industrial development in Indonesia. In this article, data from input-output tables have been used to examine the interindustry structure of the Indonesian non-oil manufacturing sector. Analysis of structural changes in manufacturing shows thaf exports have become the main engine of growth for the non-oil manufacturing sector. It is also found that this development is not inconsistent with the integration of the manufacturing sector in the economy, as manufactured exports on the whole are characterised by strong backward linkages. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that manufactured exports make significant contribution to employment, because both direct and total labour intensities of Indonesia's expomng sectors are relatively high.     

An interdisciplinary approach to regional land use analysis using GIS, with applications to the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica

Policy makers and other stakeholders concerned with regional rural development increasingly face the need for instruments that can improve transparency in the policy debate and that enhance understanding of opportunities for and limitations to development. To this end, a methodology called SOLUS (Sustainable Options for Land Use) was developed by an interdisciplinary team of scientists over a 10-year period in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica. The main tools of SOLUS include a linear programming (LP) model, two expert systems that define technical coefficients for a large number of production activities, and a geographic information system (GIS). A five-step procedure was developed for GIS to spatially reference biophysical and economic parameters, to create input for the expert systems and the LP model, to store and spatially reference model output data, and to create maps of both model input and output data. SOLUS can be used to evaluate the potential effects of alternative policies and incentive structures on the performance of the agricultural sector. A number of practical applications demonstrate SOLUS's capability to quantify trade-offs between economic objectives (income, employment) and environmental sustainability (soil nutrient balances, pesticide use, greenhouse gas emissions). GIS-created maps visualize the spatial aspects of such trade-offs and indicate hotspots where local goals may conflict with regional goals.     

REAL INCOME CHANGES O F HOUSEHOLDS IN THE NETHERLANDS, 1977–1983

This paper deals with the construction of statistics on real income changes of households in the Netherlands. Two different figures are computed, called the dynamic and the static figure. The dynamic figure reflects the change in real income as experienced by individuals. It is based on longitudinal data: two panels resulting from an exact match between three files from the Netherlands' IRS. The static figure reflects the change in real income of positions (e.g. of a 60-year old civil servant) instead of individuals. It is based on micro-simulation: changes in wages, taxes, etc. are simulated on a sample of individuals for whom socio-economic and demographic positions are assumed constant.
In the paper we discuss both figures and some other problems, e.g. the concept of real income and the price index. Furthermore we give results for the years 1977–1983 and discuss some differences between the dynamic and the static figure. The most notable result is the large variation in the dynamic figure, exhibiting a very substantial income mobility.     

转型期知识产权保护制度的增长效应研究

知识产权保护制度是发展中国家能否克服短期技术困境、促进经济长期增长的关键因素。本文从宏观层面研究我国知识产权保护制度对经济增长的影响机制,主要贡献在于:首先通过构建知识产权保护指数,实际测算1985—2010年中国的知识产权保护程度。其次通过构建"知识—生产"两部门理论模型,分析知识产权对经济增长的影响机制。最后基于中国转型期经验数据,运用动态建模方法实证研究我国知识产权制度对经济增长的影响。研究表明,对于处于转型期的中国而言,短期内较弱的知识产权保护程度有利于经济增长,而较强的知识产权保护程度则有碍于经济增长;在长期均衡的状态下,较强的知识产权保护程度确实可以促进经济增长。     

区域技术创新系统与企业核心竞争力的关系研究

积极推进区域技术创新系统建设是迎接知识经济挑战,面向21世纪加快发展的必然选择。区域技术创新系统的主体是企业,研究区域技术创新系统与企业核心竞争力的相互关系十分重要。由于区域技术创新系统持续创新的结果体现为区域核心竞争力,而区域核心竞争力最终又通过区域中的企     

大学生亲社会行为的影响因素及其特征研究

通过采用问卷法，对653名大学生进行调查，探讨大学生亲社会行为的影响因素及其特征。研究结果表明：大学生对13个影响亲社会行为因素的选择倾向存在显著差异；不同性别大学生对亲社会行为影响因素的选择倾向存在显著差异；大学生对亲社会行为影响因素的选择倾向在陌生人与熟人、紧急与非紧急、公开与非公开这三对情境中均存在显著差异。