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Journal of Quantitative Economics - Agriculture externality is caused not only by the presence of a hydrological contamination (a state variable) but also by the method of application of... 相似文献
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Kaliappa Kalirajan 《Oxford Development Studies》2013,41(1):119-134
One important area of development that needs urgent attention in developing countries is poverty alleviation. Urban poverty in India, as in some other countries, is a spillover of rural poverty and about 65% of the labour force is still working in the agricultural sector. To that extent, this paper, though it does not provide a numerical magnitude of poverty per se, advocates policies directly targeting the agricultural sector to reduce poverty. The policy conclusion is that promoting investment and technological progress, along with efficient use of technology in agriculture, are central to reducing poverty. 相似文献
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It has been acknowledged in the literature that productive efficiency in grain production in China has substantially improved in the post-reform period, particularly in the early 1980s. Since then, there have been several policy changes in China, which have affected the growth of the sector. Specifically, the spectacular growth of rural industries has attracted significant physical and human capital from agriculture. It is in this context that Brown's warning of China soon becoming the world's number one importer of grain has raised an important question of whether China has reached its grain production potential. Analysis of the 1994 farm household survey data indicates that the majority of the sample farmers is reasonably technically efficient in grain production but that productivity can be increased further even with the existing technology. 相似文献
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This paper tests the hypothesis that the Japanese main bank system was not effective in enhancing technical efficiency in the non-financial corporate sector in the 1980s. Technical efficiency is defined as the ratio of a firm's actual to its potential output for given input levels and technology. During the eighties, it did not improve consistently and significantly in Japanese manufacturing firms which have close ties to a main bank. 相似文献
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K. Kalirajan 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》1982,33(2):227-235
Among rice scientists in developing countries there is a general belief that on-farm rice yields are far below their potential level. There is considerable controversy about the appropriate methodology to define and measure the potential yield at the farm level within the farmers' environment. Most of the methodologies are based on agronomic criteria and neglect the farmers' socio-economic environment. The aim of this paper is to define the potential yield at the farm level incorporating the economic environment farmers face. This potential yield so defined is feasible in that it could be realised by all farmers with existing technology, provided that they have access to necessary inputs. Measuring potential yield in this way is also desirable from a welfare viewpoint. 相似文献
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This study aims to explain the changing pattern of productive efficiency of the Chinese iron and steel industry during the 1980s. By decomposing productive inefficiency into technical, allocative and scale inefficiencies, the effect of market-oriented reform measures on inefficient resource utilization is empirically tested. A consistent improvement is found in technical efficiency from different sized firms. An improvement in allocative efficiency of investment in upgrading and innovation from different sized firms is also found. Allocative efficiency of working capital was found to have hardly improved which could be largely due to distorted factor markets. Different sized firms exhibited scale inefficiency which could be due to segmented local production and the impact of a two-tier price system on the distribution of production share among firms. 相似文献
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J.C. Flinn Kaliappa P. Kalirajan Linda L. Castillo 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》1982,26(1):39-48
The supply response and input demand by farmers using modern rice technology in Laguna, Philippines were estimated using profit function analysis. The results indicate that farmers do maximise short-term profits and respond to price changes efficiently. The supply elasticity of rice with respect to its own price was approximately unity. Changes in real wages were estimated to have a greater impact on rice profit and supplies than changes in the real prices of mechanised land preparation, fertiliser or pesticides. Production elasticities derived from the profit function were consistent with those estimated directly from the underlying production function. 相似文献
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Governments in the Asian region have been taking actions in the form of voluntary targets and policy commitments to improve the production and use of low carbon goods (LCG). However, these commitments are often challenged by many constraints, such as technological barriers and financial deficiencies. Within this context, the main objective of this study is to measure the potential of major emerging Asian economies for exports in LCG under the grand regional coalition, partial regional coalition, and standalone scenarios. The analysis indicates that emerging Asian economies will increase their export potential in LCG more under the grand coalition scenario. 相似文献
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