全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2057篇 |
免费 | 49篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 443篇 |
工业经济 | 222篇 |
计划管理 | 384篇 |
经济学 | 404篇 |
综合类 | 47篇 |
运输经济 | 25篇 |
旅游经济 | 25篇 |
贸易经济 | 317篇 |
农业经济 | 109篇 |
经济概况 | 125篇 |
邮电经济 | 5篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 30篇 |
2019年 | 33篇 |
2018年 | 39篇 |
2017年 | 48篇 |
2016年 | 38篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 57篇 |
2013年 | 231篇 |
2012年 | 53篇 |
2011年 | 59篇 |
2010年 | 60篇 |
2009年 | 64篇 |
2008年 | 76篇 |
2007年 | 68篇 |
2006年 | 60篇 |
2005年 | 47篇 |
2004年 | 60篇 |
2003年 | 65篇 |
2002年 | 51篇 |
2001年 | 65篇 |
2000年 | 49篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 51篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 39篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 35篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 44篇 |
1982年 | 38篇 |
1981年 | 44篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 29篇 |
1978年 | 34篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 21篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有2106条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Are poor macroeconomic outcomes primarily the result of economic policies, or of deeper underlying state fragility problems in sub‐Saharan Africa? We attempt to answer this question by using carefully specified dynamic panel regression techniques to show how state fragility conditions help to explain the differences in the macroeconomic performance of sub‐Saharan African economies, and to identify the most plausible mechanisms of transmission. We find that countries with greater fragility suffer higher macroeconomic volatility and crisis; they also experience weaker growth. When we disaggregate state fragility into its various components, we find that it is the security and social components that have the strongest causal impact on macroeconomic outcomes, while the political component is, at best, weak. Therefore, we conclude that it is state fragility conditions, and not necessarily macroeconomic policies, that are of first‐order importance in explaining the differences in macroeconomic performance for African countries. The knock‐on effects are mostly mediated through the fiscal channel, the aid channel, and the finance channel. Accordingly, we recommend that interventions in fragile states should best focus on exploiting the potential for using fiscal policy, aid, and finance as instruments to improve macroeconomic outcomes in sub‐Saharan Africa. 相似文献
2.
Quantitative Marketing and Economics - Little is known about how different types of advertising affect brand attitudes. We investigate the relationships between three brand attitude variables... 相似文献
3.
Vishal P. Baloria Kenneth J. Klassen Christine I. Wiedman 《Contemporary Accounting Research》2019,36(2):904-933
Demand for disclosures on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues has increased dramatically. Using corporate political spending disclosures as our setting, we conduct a detailed inquiry of 541 political spending‐related shareholder proposals from 2004 to 2012 to highlight the role of shareholder activism as a mechanism to motivate ESG disclosure. Unlike earlier studies, we examine both proposals that went to a vote and proposals that were withdrawn by the activist, allowing us to assess more comprehensively the success of shareholder activism. We find that 20 percent of firms targeted by disclosure proposals begin disclosing in the subsequent year, although implementation rates vary by proposal type—8 percent for proposals subject to a vote versus 56 percent for proposals withdrawn. The sponsor is also important: unions and public pension funds are less likely than other activists to target firms with agency problems and are less successful in having proposals withdrawn, and the implementations they obtain are viewed more negatively by the broader investor base. Our findings highlight shareholder proposals as one mechanism through which investors can successfully express their preferences for corporate disclosure policies. Given activists' long‐standing interest in environmental and social disclosure policies, we believe our findings generalize to a broader set of ESG disclosures. 相似文献
4.
5.
Michael White Stephen Hill Patrick McGovern Colin Mills Deborah Smeaton 《英国劳资关系杂志》2003,41(2):175-195
The effects of selected high‐performance practices and working hours on work–life balance are analysed with data from national surveys of British employees in 1992 and 2000. Alongside long hours, which are a constant source of negative job‐to‐home spillover, certain ‘high‐performance’ practices have become more strongly related to negative spillover during this period. Surprisingly, dual‐earner couples are not especially liable to spillover — if anything, less so than single‐earner couples. Additionally, the presence of young children has become less important over time. Overall, the results suggest a conflict between high‐performance practices and work‐life balance policies. 相似文献
6.
Caroline White Leslie Bank Sean Jones Monga Mehlwana 《Development Southern Africa》1997,14(3):413-423
For a variety of reasons, this article argues, electricity must be seen by policy‐makers in South Africa not as the sole provider of all future household energy needs, but rather as one component of an energy mix which includes such ‘transitional’ fuels as coal, gas and paraffin. The reasons for this are that electricity is expensive for poor households; it is subject to power failures and disconnections for non‐payment; the poor find it difficult to monitor and to control their consumption; appliances are expensive and several are required to make best use of electricity; people prefer other fuels because they are familiar and have strong personal and cultural associations, and because Eskom is not trusted owing to its past ties to illegitimate local authorities and misunderstanding of electricity and how its use is monitored and charged for. Further, it is mistaken to equate ‘development’ with total electrification: most developed countries have fuel mixes which include gas and coal, particularly for cooking and heating. Accepting an affordable fuel mix for the poor in particular would focus attention on the problems currently associated with paraffin, gas and coal, namely fires, poisoning and air pollution. 相似文献
7.
Kenneth J. Arrow 《Review of International Economics》2004,12(2):207-212
The paper sets a broad agenda touching several areas of policy. It starts from the least likely policy at this point of time, the use of the tax system for redistribution. It discusses prudent macroeconomic coordination without the strings of the Maastricht Treaty in business troughs. Regulation of financial markets, agricultural policies, and health issues are coming up on a desirable agenda of the United States, but are probably important for all countries, as are social security policy and climate change. 相似文献
8.
K.E. Hughes II & J. Kenneth Reynolds 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2001,28(9&10):1351-1386
This study examines whether the uncertainty arising from a firm's exposure to future environmental costs (environmental uncertainty) affects the market's price sensitivity to reported earnings. Specifically, when environmental uncertainty is significantly high, are investors more responsive to reported earnings released by 'high-polluting' firms than reported earnings announced by 'low-polluting' firms within the same industry? The initial impact of Title IV (the acid rain provisions) of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (1990 CAAA) on the US electric utility industry provides the research setting required to isolate the effects of environmental uncertainty while addressing this question. Consistent with theoretical predictions, we find that the earnings response coefficients (ERCs) of high-polluting electric utilities are significantly greater than those of their low-polluting counterparts during a predicted period of elevated environmental uncertainty. In adjoining sample years associated with lower environmental uncertainty, we observe no statistical difference in the magnitude of the ERCs between these two groups. In addition, the study's findings suggest that the magnitude of the ERC is increasing in the firm's exposure to future environmental costs, after controlling for other factors that potentially affect ERCs. 相似文献
9.
The economics of pride and shame 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kenneth E. Boulding 《Atlantic Economic Journal》1987,15(1):10-19
10.
This article reports results of a 1993 questionnaire survey of how UK companies have been innovating technologically in response to environmental pressures. The survey sought to identify factors stimulating UK firms to innovate more environmentally friendly products and processes, and to investigate the changes in R&D activity they have undertaken to facilitate such innovation. In devising the questionnaire and interpreting the results, we have been strongly influenced by the theoretical frameworks developed over the past 15 years which describe technological developments in terms of ‘selection environments’ and ‘technological trajectories’. Useful though such frameworks are, we conclude that they need to be supplemented by concepts derived from the sociology of technology and from studies of corporate strategies. 相似文献