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1.
Payments for environmental services to promote “climate‐smart agriculture”? Potential and challenges 下载免费PDF全文
Payments for environmental services (PES) have gained wide popularity as approaches to promote environmentally friendly land use or agricultural production practices. Yet academics have also voiced concerns against seeing PES as a panacea. This article discusses whether PES is an appropriate and promising approach to promote so‐called “climate‐smart agriculture” (CSA) practices, which we define as agricultural production practices that contribute to CO2 emission reductions and/or removals and provide benefits to farmers via increased productivity and profits and reduced vulnerability to climate change. PES appears most promising for the promotion of CSA practices in small‐scale farming contexts with low incomes. Effective design, however, requires solid estimates of cost and benefit flows from CSA adoption over time, accounting for differences in socioeconomic and ecological conditions, and addressing the risk of leakage. Funding for such PES will likely have to come from public sources, and seems most promising where synergies with other objectives such as agricultural development, food security, and climate adaptation or other environmental services exist. The potential of alternative approaches for CSA support such as taxation with rebates for CSA practices, CSA‐related investment support such as microcredits, and hybrid approaches such as conditional microcredit should be further investigated. 相似文献
2.
Dictator games: a meta study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Christoph Engel 《Experimental Economics》2011,14(4):583-610
Over the last 25 years, more than a hundred dictator game experiments have been published. This meta study summarises the
evidence. Exploiting the fact that most experiments had to fix parameters they did not intend to test, in multiple regression
the meta study is able to assess the effect of single manipulations, controlling for a host of alternative explanatory factors.
The resulting rich dataset also provides a testbed for comparing alternative specifications of the statistical model for analysing
dictator game data. It shows how Tobit models (assuming that dictators would even want to take money) and hurdle models (assuming
that the decision to give a positive amount is separate from the choice of amount, conditional on giving) provide additional
insights. 相似文献
3.
Stomaformen und Versorgungssysteme — In Deutschland leben circa 100.000 Menschen mit einem Stoma. Entscheidend für die Lebensqualit?t
dieser Patienten ist eine optimale Versorgung des künstlichen Darmausgangs – auch durch die professionelle Pflege. 相似文献
4.
A sample of 9339 subjects aged 13–75, living in the six macro-regions of Poland rated the preferences of 140 various food products, eating frequency and factors influencing food choice. Four groups of consumers were found: “consumers susceptible to advertising and seeking novel healthy products” (33.2% of the sample), “consumers not taking care of their health” (25.4%), “consumers not susceptible to advertising and taking care of their health” (32.5%), and “consumers insensitive to sensory attributes of fruit and vegetables” (9.0%). Among factors influencing the food choice, sensory and functional factors were significant, and health and price – moderate. Advertising was generally denied as an important factor in food choice. The food choice motives were highly dependent on age and gender, and to a lower extent – on region of residence, size of place of residence, economic condition and education level. Women/girls more often showed pro-health behaviours in food choice, choice motives, preferences and food intake. 相似文献
5.
Dr. Anke Brenken ist Mitarbeiterin der KfW Bankengruppe in Frankfurt; Michael Bretz Dipl.-Volkswirt ist Leiter der Abteilung Wirtschafts- und Konjunkturforschung im Verband der Vereine Creditreform in Neuss; Dr. Dirk Engel ist Mitarbeiter des Rheinisch-Westf?lischen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung in Essen; Dr. Bernhard Lageman ist im RWI Leiter des Kompetenzbereichs ?Existenzgründung und Unternehmensentwicklung Handwerk und Neue Technologien“. 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2005,85(10):646-652
Viele Umfragen deuten auf eine massive Abwanderung des deutschen Mittelstands in die neuen EU-Beitrittsl?nder hin. Inwieweit
kann dieser Exodus empirisch untermauert werden? In welchen Aktivit?ten engagieren sich die deutschen mittelst?ndischen Unternehmen
in den Beitrittsl?ndern? Welche Chancen und Risiken erwarten sie von der Osterweiterung? 相似文献
6.
7.
Aufwendungen für Forschung und Entwicklung werden im Hinblick auf die internationale
Wettbewerbsf?higkeit eines Wirtschafts- und Technologiestandorts als besonders
bedeutsam eingesch?tzt. Wie l?sst sich der Zusammenhang zwischen Forschung und
wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung empirisch nachweisen? Welchen Rang nimmt Deutschland
im internationalen Vergleich der Forschungs- und Innovationsaktivit?ten ein? Welche
Handlungsoptionen ergeben sich für die Wirtschaftspolitik? 相似文献
8.
The battle for dominance of the global aviation marketplaceafter 1945 was largely an Anglo-American competition, yet todate historians have overlooked the important role diplomacyplayed in shaping its outcome. Divisions over the proper regulationof strategically vital aircraft and aviation technology seriouslyimpeded aircraft manufacturers, British producers especially.This article traces the impact of Anglo-American diplomacy uponBritish aviation manufacturers during the first half of theCold War, from 1946 until the Sino-American rapprochement ofthe early 1970s. It explores three periods in particular: theinitial postwar years, highlighted by disputed British jet enginesales to the Soviet Union; the early 1950s, when British jetlinerexports seemed a genuine strategic threat in Washington; andthe early 1960s, when Whitehall authorized covert transfersof American-licensed aviation equipment to complete the firstBritish aircraft sales to the Peoples Republic of China.These examples demonstrate not only the effect of strategicbalancing by governments on the marketplace, but also diplomacysimpact on business. 相似文献
9.
Maria Lidia Rosini 《Decisions in Economics and Finance》1982,5(2):87-96
Con procedimento analitico si determina la formula di Lidstone per l'assicurazione mista su due teste tarate, qualunque sia il tipo di sopramortalità Si esaminano poi i casi di sopramortalità crescente, costante e decrescente e si deducono le formule che forniscono il premio puro mediante gli analoghi premi su teste normali, assegnando l'espressione dell'errore che si commette applicando tali formule.
Pervenuto il 15-3-82 相似文献
Through analytical methods we obtain Lidstone's formula for a mixed insurance on two extra risks.We also give an expression of the related approximation error.
Pervenuto il 15-3-82 相似文献
10.
We investigate the possibility that the large current account deficits of the U.S. are the outcome of optimizing behavior. We develop a simple long-run world equilibrium model in which the current account is determined by the expected discounted present value of its future share of world GDP relative to its current share of world GDP. The model suggests that under some reasonable assumptions about future U.S. GDP growth relative to the rest of the advanced countries—more modest than the growth over the past 20 years—the current account deficit is near optimal levels. We then explore the implications for the real exchange rate. Under some plausible assumptions, the model implies little change in the real exchange rate over the adjustment path, though the conclusion is sensitive to assumptions about tastes and technology. Then we turn to empirical evidence. A test of current account sustainability suggests that the U.S. is not keeping on a long-run sustainable path. A direct test of our model finds that the dynamics of the U.S. current account—the increasing deficits over the past decade—are difficult to explain under a particular statistical model (Markov-switching) of expectations of future U.S. growth. But, if we use survey data on forecasted GDP growth in the G-7, our very simple model appears to explain the evolution of the U.S. current account remarkably well. We conclude that expectations of robust performance of the U.S. economy relative to the rest of the advanced countries is a contender—though not the only legitimate contender—for explaining the U.S. current account deficit. 相似文献