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The Impact of Ethical Ideologies,Moral Intensity,and Social Context on Sales-Based Ethical Reasoning
Previous research indicates that ethical ideologies, issue-contingencies, and social context can impact ethical reasoning
in different business situations. However, the manner in which these constructs work together to shape different steps of
the ethical decision-making process is not always clear. The purpose of this study was to address these issues by exploring
the influence of idealism and relativism, perceived moral intensity in a decision-making situation, and social context on
the recognition of an ethical issue and ethical intention. Utilizing a sales-based scenario and multiple ethics measures included
on a self-report questionnaire, data were collected from a regional sample of business students, most of whom had modest work
experience. The results indicated that perceived moral intensity was associated with increased ethical issue recognition and
ethical intention. Idealism was also associated with increased ethical issue recognition, and relativism was associated with
decreased ethical intention. Social consensus was positively related to ethical issue recognition and intention, while competitive
context was inversely related to ethical intention. Finally, ethical issue recognition was associated with increased ethical
intention. Idealism, moral intensity, social consensus, and work experience worked together as predictors of ethical issue
recognition, whereas recognition of an ethical issue, relativism, moral intensity, social consensus, and competitive context
worked together to predict ethical intention. 相似文献
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Farmers,Middlemen and Exporters: A Model of Market Power,Pricing and Welfare in a Vertical Supply Chain
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Markets for cash‐crops in developing countries are typically characterized by a concentration of buyer power at different levels of the supply chain. For instance, small‐scale coffee farmers sell their produce to a middleman, who in turn sells the coffee onward to an exporter, often a foreign multinational, with monopsony power in the hands of the purchasers at both levels. We analyze pricing behavior and welfare with different assumptions regarding market power. In particular, we show that a more powerful exporter is likely to benefit the producers and may even lead to higher welfare for the producer country as a whole. 相似文献
5.
Economic Analysis for the UK National Ecosystem Assessment: Synthesis and Scenario Valuation of Changes in Ecosystem Services 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ian J. Bateman Amii R. Harwood David J. Abson Barnaby Andrews Andrew Crowe Steve Dugdale Carlo Fezzi Jo Foden David Hadley Roy Haines-Young Mark Hulme Andreas Kontoleon Paul Munday Unai Pascual James Paterson Grischa Perino Antara Sen Gavin Siriwardena Mette Termansen 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2014,57(2):273-297
We combine natural science modelling and valuation techniques to present economic analyses of a variety of land use change scenarios generated for the UK National Ecosystem Assessment. Specifically, the agricultural, greenhouse gas, recreational and urban greenspace impacts of the envisioned land use changes are valued. Particular attention is given to the incorporation of spatial variation in the natural environment and to addressing issues such as biodiversity impacts where reliable values are not available. Results show that the incorporation of ecosystem services and their values within analyses can substantially change decisions. 相似文献
6.
Ian J. Bateman Christine Ennew Andrew A. Lovett Anthony J. Rayner 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》1999,50(3):488-511
Ongoing concerns regarding the economic losses associated with the CAP and the negative environmental impacts of present land use have led to calls for land use change and consequent efforts to identify areas which are, from both a financial and social perspective, most appropriate for such conversion. This paper develops and applies an output value modelling methodology in which site-specific biophysical factors are combined with farm level data in order to predict input usage and, subsequently, farm profit. The spatial analytic capabilities of a geographical information system (GIS) are used to combine the variety of data employed to permit analysis of a large study area (the entirety of Wales) and yield models of both the market and shadow value of output from the two principal agricultural sectors of the area: dairying and sheep farming. The GIS is then used to produce readily interpretable maps of these values across the study area. The resulting maps are highly compatible both with value maps of alternative land uses given in the recent literature and with approaches to policy formulation currently under development by a range of UK agencies. Such maps may be used to assist estimation of the extent and location of farming response to land use policy change. 相似文献
7.
Marketing has looked to other scientific disciplines to supplement its understanding of motivation. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory is frequently uncritically cited in texts, even though most evidence has failed to support its validity. Science requires that theory be supported by empirical facts. Maslow's theory is briefly summarized, along with a review of the related literature. Reasons are given and empirically supported for the continued popularity of Maslow's theory in marketing despite lack of scientific support. A cautionary note for the continued development of marketing theory concludes the presentation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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Using information collected from a convenience sample of graduate and undergraduate students affiliated with a Midwestern
university in the United States, this study determined the extent to which gender (defined as sex differences) is related
to consumers’ moral philosophies and ethical intentions. Multivariate and univariate results indicated that women were more
inclined than men to utilize both consequence-based and rule-based moral philosophies in questionable consumption situations.
In addition, women placed more importance on an overall moral philosophy than did men, and women had higher intentions to
behave ethically. The marketing and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and the limitations of the research
are presented along with several suggestions for future inquiry, which could advance current understanding of consumer ethics. 相似文献
10.
Fred Bateman 《Explorations in Economic History》2003,40(3):251-277
While a multitude of New Deal “relief, recovery, and reform” agencies were created in response to the 1930s economic shock, many of these same agencies were subsumed by the Federal Works Agency and played key national defense roles during the 1940s. We examine the wartime expenditure patterns of these agencies, as well as spending on war supply contracts and war-related industrial facilities, to determine whether Depression-era economic goals were addressed during the Second World War. We find that some specific aspects of the New Deal economic agenda were carried out during the war. Furthermore, wartime spending by the alphabet agencies was significantly correlated with the expenditure patterns of those agencies during the 1930s, suggesting that the transition from economic to military objectives may not have been as pointed as the Roosevelt Administration often asserted. 相似文献