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Is Corporate Responsibility Converging? A Comparison of Corporate Responsibility Reporting in the USA, UK, Australia, and Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Corporate social reporting, while not mandatory in most countries, has been adopted by many large companies around the world
and there are now a variety of competing global standards for non-financial reporting, such as the Global Reporting Initiative
and the UN Global Compact. However, while some companies (e.g., Henkel, BHP, Johnson and Johnson) have a long standing tradition
in reporting non-financial information, other companies provide only limited information, or in some cases, no information
at all. Previous studies have suggested that there are, country and industry-specific, differences in the extent of CSR reports
(e.g., Kolk et al.: 2001, Business Strategy and the Environment
10, 15–28; Kolk: 2005, Management International Review
45, 145–166; Maignan and Ralston: 2002, Journal of International Business Studies
33(3), 497–514). However, findings are inconclusive or contradictory and it is often difficult to compare previous studies owing
to the idiosyncratic methods used in each study (Graafland et al.: 2004, Journal of Business Ethics
53, 137–152). Furthermore, previous studies have relied mainly on simple measures, such as word counts and page counts of reports,
to compare the extent of reporting that may not capture significant differences in the content of the reports. In this article,
we seek to overcome some of these deficiencies by using textual analysis software and a more robust statistical method to
more objectively and reliably compare the CSR reports of firms in different industries and countries. We examine a sample
of leading companies in four countries (US, UK, Australia, and Germany) and test whether or not membership of the Global Compact
makes a difference to CSR reporting and is overcoming industry and country specific factors that limit standardization. We
conclude that GlobalCompact membership is having an effect only in certain areas of CSR reporting, related to the environment
and workers, and that businesses from different countries vary significantly in the extent to which they promote CSR and the
CSR issues that they choose to emphasize in their reports. These country differences are argued to be related to the different
institutional arrangements in each country. 相似文献
4.
David Price Allyson M. Pollock Petra Brhlikova 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》2011,82(4):455-473
ABSTRACT: In this paper we argue that national accounting categories provide an inadequate basis for evaluating differences between public and private sector services. This is because accounting categories rely on economic concepts such as market price but do not take account of substantive public policy goals such as universality. The argument has important consequences for the structures and systems of delivery especially where nonprofit providers and social enterprise models are substituted for public bodies formerly integrated into the government's delivery system. Using an example taken from the UK's National Health Service, we show that the mechanisms for ensuring universality through redistribution are not sufficiently taken into account for classification purposes. 相似文献
5.
Integrating insights from the strategic goal literature and the knowledge‐based view of the firm, this article proposes that the pursuit of social and economic strategic goals by commercial firms affects their innovation performance through different knowledge sourcing activities. The strategic goals, knowledge sourcing practices, and innovation performance of 1257 Belgian firms are investigated. Results show that both social and economic strategic goals are associated with the use of external information sources, but only the pursuit of social goals inspires firms to engage in external collaboration. No evidence is found of an inherent conflict between social and economic strategic goals. Instead, the two types of goals are independent of each other, that is, an emphasis on social goals does not preclude an emphasis on economic goals and vice versa. Moreover, firms’ external knowledge sourcing and innovation performance benefit most when strongly held social goals align with strongly held economic goals. These findings offer new insight into the nature and the effects of goal multiplicity among commercial firms. They open up a new perspective on the potential positive effects of the joint pursuit of social and economic strategic goals instead of seeing them as inherently conflicting, as past research has typically done. We illustrate how social strategic goals can deliver unique benefits to a firm, independently of and in addition to economic strategic goals. Our findings also contribute to the open innovation literature by revealing strategic goals as a driver of firms’ knowledge sourcing practices. Our findings suggest that solely emphasizing economic goals may be one reason why firms struggle to implement open innovation practices and do not reap their full benefits. The practical implications of our research are discussed. 相似文献
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Petra Vujakovic 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2010,38(2):237-237
This paper presents the New Globalization Index (NGI). It is a composite index constructed to measure the relative globalization
level of a group of countries. With its 21 variables, it accounts for the multidimensionality of this phenomenon instead of
relying purely on economic indicators. As compared to other existing globalization indices, three major innovations are introduced
in the NGI. Firstly, five variables that have until now not been used in globalization indices enter the calculations, introducing
some new and important aspects to the measure, such as international student mobility and environmental issues. Secondly,
the NGI forms a weighted sum of bilateral trade flows using the geographical distances between trading partners as weights.
This modifies the usual trade openness measure by placing more weight on distant trading partners. In effect, intra-regional
trade is given a lower weight in the NGI. One of the effects of this procedure is a significant downward movement in the ranking
of some EU countries, whose international openness comes primarily from trade within their region and reflects regional integration
more than globalization. A final innovation in the NGI is the use of a statistical method (principal component analysis) to
form subcomponents of globalization according to the statistical features of the variable structure. The goal of this step
is the analysis of the multidimensionality of globalization. Three dimensions emerge by the use of this technique: finance,
trade and politics, and social globalization. Principal component analysis is also employed for producing weights for individual
indicators within the overall index. Additionally, a control for country size is employed for some of the variables, as has
been done in some other globalization indices before. The final index contains 70 countries and covers a period between 1995
and 2005. 相似文献
8.
In this introduction to our special issue, we will first seek to discuss the extent to which recent expatriation research and literature is still subject to earlier criticisms. Second, we will discuss the future research needs concerning the theme of this special issue, international careers, briefly reviewing the dominating research theme within the international career context (i.e., the career impacts of international assignment) and suggesting some future research areas. After that, we will offer a particularly promising new avenue for future research: the new forms of international work. We will conclude by summarizing the articles for this special issue and illustrate how they fit within this new avenue. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
9.
Petra Klein 《Publizistik》2000,45(3):368-369
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
10.
By setting up a number of special economic zones, i.e. clearly demarcated regions regulated by special commercial legislation, the Chinese leadership intended, after a period of economic isolation, to integrate China more closely into the international division of labour and to stimulate production by using foreign capital and technology. Have the special economic zones so far been able to live up to expectations? What are the prospects for the future? 相似文献