Prospects for Latin America and Caribbean Region in the Global Market for International Tourism: A Projection to the Year 2020

International tourism has become very important to several developing countries as a major source of foreign exchange earnings for their economic development. This article explores the potentials of countries of the Latin America and Caribbean region in the global market for international tourism up to the end of the next decade. This was achieved by analyzing past trends of international tourism in the region, and projecting these trends to the year 2020 using a combination of four different time‐series projection models evaluated by the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Results show that international tourism arrivals into the Latin America and Caribbean region would increase from 51.21 million in 2004 (end of observed period) to between 87.58 million and 100.03 million by the year 2020. The corresponding figures for international tourism receipts would go from US$34.11 billion in 2004 to between US$64.92 billion and US$75.79 billion by the year 2020. Socioeconomic impacts of these findings are given, and recommendations for marketing strategies, government public policies, and directions for future research are discussed.     

Country Segmentation of the International Tourism Market Using Propensity to Travel and to Spend Abroad

ABSTRACT

Two new segmentation variables for the global international tourism market were operationalized. These variables were used to segment the countries of the world into nine market segments, which include heavy travelers, heavy spenders (HH); heavy travelers, medium spenders (HM); heavy travelers, light spenders (HL); medium travelers, heavy spenders (MH); medium travelers, medium spenders (MM); medium travelers, light spenders (ML); light travelers, heavy spenders (LH); light travelers, medium spenders (LM); and light travelers, light spenders (LL). The profile of these country segments were further examined using discriminant analysis. Implications of findings for targeting and promotion strategies are discussed, and directions for future research are given.     

International Marketing of Services and Developing Countries

ABSTRACT

The internationalization of services has gained great momentum in recent years. This article analyzes prospects of developing countries in the international marketing of services by examining past trends of service exports by developing countries, and relating these to demand for services in developed countries through a series of autoregression analyses. Results show that developing countries were marginalized in the international market for services over the 20-year study period. However, there are bright future prospects. The greatest prospects would be in travel services, followed by transport services. Implications of the findings for government policy in the service sector are discussed.     

Factors influencing food-choice behavior of African-American college students: implications for the foodservice industry

College students, particularly ethnic minorities in the US, are at a high risk for obesity and health complications. This study determines the type of foods that African-American college students are choosing to eat, and what factors influence those choices. Findings show that fresh fruits, whole grain bread, grilled chicken, and salad top the list of food choices. Knowledge of nutrition labels, gender, weight management, and eating facilities are among the factors found to influence these choices. Managerial implication of findings for the foodservice industry, and other interest groups are discussed. Directions for future research are given.     

Social Costs of Environmental Justice Associated with the Practice of Green Marketing

This paper presents a conceptual link among green marketing, environmental justice, and industrial ecology. It argues for greater awareness of environmental justice in the practice of green marketing. In contrast with the type of costs commonly discussed in the literature, the paper identified another type of costs, termed "costs with positive results," that may be associated with the presence of environmental justice in green marketing. A research agenda is finally suggested to determine consumers' awareness of environmental justice, and their willingness to bear the costs associated with it.     

Regional Competition in the International Market for Services: A Shift-Share Analysis

ABSTRACT

The volume of services marketed across national borders in recent years has dramatically risen due to increased liberalization and market globalization, on the one hand, and rapid advances in telecommunications and information technology, on the other. The author analyzes the competition among the seven regions of the world for a share in this expanding sector of the international market, doing so over a 15-year period from 1997 to 2012. A shift-share analysis was carried out to identify the winners and the losers in the market during the study period. Results show that six of the seven regions gained some market share. However, the lead winner was the region of Europe and Central Asia that saw its 1997 share grew more than 7-fold by 2012! On the other hand, the North America region, the only loser of all, lost three-fourths of its 1997 market share by 2012. Policy implications of these results for the regions are discussed.