清中叶以来的江南市镇人口——以吴江县为例

市镇周边乡村农民以兼业的方式部分或暂时实现由农民向手工业工人的转化,其实质是江南的“乡村工业化”而非“人口城市化”。没有现代工业支持的江南市镇,所能提供的就业机会是有限的,所能容纳的人口也是有限的,因而对整个人口城镇化水平提高的作用也是有限的。     

Does vertical separation reduce cost? An empirical analysis of the rail industry in European and East Asian OECD Countries

The main purpose of this study is to analyze structural separation policies, especially vertical (i.e. operation-infrastructure) and horizontal (i.e. passenger-freight service) separation. Using the total cost function of a railway organization, we evaluate whether or not vertical separation and/or horizontal separation can reduce costs. For this analysis, we selected 30 railway organizations in 23 European and East Asian OECD countries over 14?years, from 1994 to 2007. Our findings show that horizontal separation reduces railway cost. As for vertical separation, effects change according to the train density of a railway organization. With lower train density, vertical separation tends to reduce cost, while with higher train density vertical separation increases cost.     

搞城市建设也要实事求是

城市建设是经济建设的重要组成部分 ,按其客观规律办事就能对经济建设起促进作用 ,反之则会阻碍经济的健康快速发展 ,所以 ,我认为搞城市建设也要实事求是 ,从实际出发。十几年来 ,东莞经济一直保持着快速、持续、健康的发展 ,随着经济的发展 ,城市建设也有了较大的突破。不但城市化水平发生了巨大变化 ,城市功能也有了极大的提高。　　一、搞城市建设要有一个好的总体规划建好城市要具备两个起码的条件 ,一要有一个好的总体规划 ,二要有经济实力。这就要求我们实事求是地预测未来的经济发展总量 ,预测城市未来的发展方向 ,编制一个符合客观…     

计算机信息系统审计准则比较研究

本文通过对国际审计实务委员会及我国关于计算机信息系统审计准则研究的相关内容的比较,分析两者之间存在的主要差距:观念障碍导致对准则的需求和供给明显不足;准则制定缺乏系统性和结构性;未考虑对计算机审计人员的素质要求和合适的审计人员以及准则对计算机审计技术标准关注不足。并从管理体制,审计人员的技能准则以及审计的技术标准等方面提出了改进建议。认为要统一计算机审计工作的管理体制,由国家制定计算机审计人员的技能准则和计算机审计的技术标准。     

Determinants of privatization of public corporations: evidence from the Japanese experience

The main purpose of this study is to find factors affecting privatization decisions. This study investigates the determinants of privatization by applying the probit model for a data set of special public corporations in Japan. In December 2001, the Japanese government made a resolution to consider the privatization of special public corporations, evaluating 74 special public corporations for possible privatization. In the empirical analysis on the determinants of privatization, we find that among several factors affecting privatization decisions, two are important—the market condition factor and the policy/regulation factor. As for market conditions, a public corporation which exists in a commercialized industry is about 20% more likely to be privatized than others. As for the policy and regulation factor, the public corporation’s privatization under a single regulator is about 25% more likely, compared with the public corporation’s privatization under multiple regulators.     

The Influence of Business Ties and National Culture on Foreign-Subsidiary Capability Building in an Emerging Market

This study investigates the effects of formal and informal business ties on foreign-subsidiary capability-building activities. Data from 175 foreign subsidiaries in the Philippines shows that formal business ties are negatively related to capability building, whereas informal business ties are positively related to capability building. The authors also find that foreign-subsidiary home country assertiveness positively affects the positive relationship between informal business ties and capability building. These results indicate that in an emerging market, foreign-subsidiary capability building varies by the type of business ties being employed by a foreign subsidiary and that home-country assertiveness influences these outcomes.     

Ownership structure and earnings management in emerging markets—An institutionalized agency perspective

Previous earnings management research has largely focused on firm-level governance mechanisms in single countries or on macro-level variables in multiple countries. Building on this research, we incorporate firm ownership predictors along with national institutional dimensions to explore why firm decision makers in emerging markets vary in their earnings management behavior. Our theoretical framework integrates agency and institutional theories proposing that firm-level ownership mechanisms do not function in isolation, but are reinforced or attenuated by elements of the institutional governance environment. The multilevel empirical analysis of 1200 firms in 24 emerging markets indicates that controlling ownership is positively related to earnings management. We find that the level of minority shareholder protection in a country weakens this positive relationship. We also find that regulatory quality strengthens the negative relationship between institutional ownership and earnings management activity. It is hoped that awareness of how firm ownership structures interact with national-level institutions in affecting firm-level behavior will help managers and investors develop skills and practices to better cope with business norms in emerging economies.     

Structural reform of the electricity industry and economic growth

Using 782 panel data from 34 OECD countries from 1991 to 2013, this study aims to evaluate how structural reform affects GDP growth rate. We use the Barro-type GDP growth rate regression model and apply both fixed and random effect models. Eight structural reform variables are selected: (i) third party access, (ii) wholesale market dummy, (iii) choice of supplier, (iv) private ownership, (v) generation-others separation, (vi) transmission-others separation, (vii) distribution-others separation and (viii) overall vertical separation. Major finding results are as follows: (i) third party access can positively contribute to GDP growth rate, (ii) wholesale market and overall vertical separation might have a small negative effect, and (iii) other variables have no significant effect.     

Human resource management in Asian subsidiaries: comparison of French and Japanese MNCs

European and Japanese multinational corporations (MNCs) have expanded their activities in Asia, usually through massive mobilization of various human resources from head offices, whether expatriated or on short-term assignments, and a reliance on diverse categories of local employees. Because expatriation is costly, difficult and often limited in its results, MNCs have developed localization strategies for management positions to support their regional development. This contribution addresses such a scenario by comparing Japanese and French MNCs in eight Asian countries, based on 53 interviews across subsidiaries of 17 MNCs. We find that Japanese MNCs have not localized management positions as much as French MNCs, but they have grown more willing to do so. To compensate for the lack of local capabilities without sending more expatriates, both French and Japanese MNCs frequently send experts on short-term assignments. Finally, though human resource practices vary widely across countries, even for a given MNC, some harmonizing principles have been introduced to regional HRM strategies recently.