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Synopsis We describe the first effort at creating a global ex-vessel fish price database, which is required for understanding the economic
behavior of participants in the world’s fisheries. We demonstrate potential applications of the database by linking it to
a spatially defined catch database, which makes it possible to attach landed values to species in both time and space. This
is the first database available publicly where interested members of the public, researchers and managers can easily find
and access ex-vessel prices of the world’s major commercial fish species. Preliminary results indicate that the average real
price of a number of species have declined between 1950 and 2002. The estimated landed value of fish globally, in year 2000
dollars, was about US$24 billion in 1950. It increased steadily to about US$90 billion in the early 1970s, reached a peak
of US$100 billion at the end of the 1980s, and declined to about US$80 billion in 2000. The top 15 fishing countries cumulatively
account for 79% of total real landed value, with Japan leading, even though the value of its landings has been declining.
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Ussif Rashid Sumaila 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1997,10(2):147-165
A two-agent model for the exploitation of the Arcto-Norwegian cod stock is developed to investigate the economic benefits that can be realized from the resource, and the effect of exploitation on stock sustainability under cooperation and non-cooperation. The two agents are identified in this study as a trawl fishery versus a coastal fishery. Unlike in Munro (1979), where conflicts in the management strategies of agents arise from differences in the perceptions of the discount factor, fishing effort costs, and consumer preferences, here conflicts arise mainly from the differences in fishing gear and grounds, and the age group of cod targeted by the two agents. Using a game theoretic framework, we show that given available data, the optimum optimorum is obtained under cooperation with side payments and no predetermined harvest shares, in which case the coastal fishery buys out the trawl fishery. However, sensitivity analysis shows that if the price premium assumed for mature cod is taken away, the trawl fishery takes over as the producer of the optimum optimorum. 相似文献
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Trade-offs between conservation and socio-economic objectives in managing a tropical marine ecosystem 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Understanding the trade-off relationships between ecological, economic and social objectives is important in designing policies to manage or restore ecosystems. Using the northern South China Sea (NSCS) as a case study, we explore the trade-offs between conservation and socio-economic objectives in managing fisheries in tropical marine ecosystems. Using a numerical optimization routine and ecosystem modelling (Ecopath with Ecosim), the study shows that current management of the NSCS is sub-optimal both in terms of conservation and economic objectives. Therefore, improvement in both conservation status and economic benefits can be achieved by reducing fishing capacity. However, the implementation of conservation plans may be hindered by the reduced number of fisheries-related jobs and the lack of alternative livelihoods. Similar trade-offs are apparent in many tropical marine ecosystems. Thus, this paper supports claims from previous studies that solving the alternative livelihood problems appears to be a priority for improving management and conservation in these ecosystems. A buy-back scheme that is funded by fishers might be effective in reducing fishing capacity. However, public funds are required if management objectives focus strongly on conservation. This might be justified by the direct or indirect benefits to society that could be provided by well-conserved ecosystems. This study highlights the conflict between maximizing conservation and social objectives, although win-win solutions between conservation and economic objectives may be possible. 相似文献
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Teh Louise S. L. Teh Lydia C. L. Sumaila U. Rashid Cheung William 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2015,61(1):91-114
Environmental and Resource Economics - The incentive to overexploit a fishery resource is thought to exist if the resource owner’s discount rate is sufficiently higher than the biological... 相似文献
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A bottom-up re-estimation of global fisheries subsidies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
U. Rashid Sumaila Ahmed S. Khan Andrew J. Dyck Reg Watson Gordon Munro Peter Tydemers Daniel Pauly 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2010,12(3):201-225
Using a recently developed database of fisheries subsidies for 148 maritime countries spanning 1989 to the present, total
fisheries subsidies for the year 2003 is computed. A key feature of our estimation approach is that it explicitly deals with
missing data from official sources, and includes estimates of subsidies to developing country fisheries. Our analysis suggests
that global fisheries subsidies for 2003 are between US25 and 29 billion, which is higher than an earlier World Bank estimate of between US 25 and 29 billion, which is higher than an earlier World Bank estimate
of between US 14–20 billion. This new estimate is lower than our 2000 global subsidies estimate of US$ 30–34 billion. We
find that fuel subsidies compose about 15–30% of total global fishing subsidies, and that capacity enhancing subsidies sum
to US$ 30–34 billion. We
find that fuel subsidies compose about 15–30% of total global fishing subsidies, and that capacity enhancing subsidies sum
to US 16 billion or about 60% of the total. These results imply that the global community is paying the fishing industry
billions each year to continue fishing even when it would not be profitable otherwise—effectively funding the over-exploitation
of marine resources. 相似文献
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Participation in ecosystem-based marine recreational activities (MRAs) has increased around the world, adding a new dimension
to human use of the marine ecosystem and another good reason to strengthen effective management measures. A first step in
studying the effects of MRAs at a global scale is to estimate their socioeconomic benefits, which are captured here by three
indicators: the amount of participation, employment and direct expenditure by users. A database of reported expenditure on
MRAs was compiled for 144 coastal countries. A meta-analysis was then performed to calculate the yearly global benefits of
MRAs in terms of expenditure, participation and employment. It is estimated that 121 million people a year participate in
MRAs, generating 47 billion USD (2003) in expenditures and supporting one million jobs. The results of this study have several
implications for resource managers and for the tourism industry. Aside from offering the first estimation of the global socioeconomic
benefits of MRAs, this work provides insights on the drivers of participation and possible ecological impacts of these activities.
Our results could also help direct efforts to promote adequate implementation of MRAs. Furthermore, we hope this work will
provide a template for data collection on MRAs worldwide. 相似文献
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The Global Ex-vessel Fish Price Database (Ex-vessel DB) reported in Sumaila et al. (J Bioecon 9(1):39–51, 2007) was the first comprehensive database that presents average annual ex-vessel prices for all commercially exploited marine fish stocks by nationality of the fishing fleet. It contained over 30,000 reported price items, covering the period from 1950 to the present, and supplemented missing prices with estimates based on prices from a different year, species group or fleet nationality. This paper describes a revised missing price estimation approach, focused on the computation of annual average international prices for each species group, adjusted to domestic prices using the real exchange rate based on national purchasing power parity. Key advantages of the new approach are that it allows a larger number of reported prices to be used in the price estimation, and accounts for relative price level differences that exist between countries. Our new approach should improve the estimates in regions where reported prices are scarce or non-existent by linking domestic prices to the trends in international prices. Our analysis, based on the revised ex-vessel price estimates (in real 2005 USD), shows that the global marine fisheries landings have generated total value of USD 4.2 trillion since 1950, including USD 100 billion in 2005. 相似文献
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This paper shows how intra-stock relations such as cannibalism and growth enhancement, determine the economically optimal
sharing of a fish resource between heterogeneous harvesting agents. The sharing of resources between different vessel groups
is often left for political decision making. Nonetheless, such decisions may have both biological and economic consequences.
This becomes quite clear when different harvesting groups exploit different sections (age groups) of a stock that has intra-stock
interactions in the form of cannibalism. A two-agent bioeconomic model with cannibalism is developed and used to determine
(i) optimal annual harvest sizes (TACs) for cod, and (ii) the optimal proportion of the TAC that should be harvested by the
different vessel groups in the fishery. Applying biological and economic data in a numerical procedure, and comparing the
results obtained to previous studies, it is shown that intra-stock interactions such as the presence of cannibalism has a
significant impact on who should take what proportion of the TAC, and hence, the standing stock size and discounted economic
rent achievable. In contrast to other studies, we find that the optimal harvest requires that both trawlers and coastal vessels
should harvest the fish resource. In addition, the results indicate that, from a bioeconomic perspective, the existing trawler
fleet’s harvest share in the cod fishery is too high.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献