PRINCIPAL AND AGENCY TRADES BY STOCKBROKERS ARE COMPLEMENTARY: THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF DEREGULATING AGENCY TRADING AND BANNING PRINCIPAL TRADES

This paper models the demand for stockbrokers' services in Australia, consisting of two related services, agency trades and principal trades. The relationship between agency and principal trades is estimated. The results indicate that the two services are complements rather than substitutes. Using unique accounting information, a model of agency and principal trading activities is estimated to determine the welfare effects of (i) deregulating brokerage commissions and (ii) a ban on principal trading by brokers. The results show a sizeable welfare gain to investors (amounting to about 60% of the gross revenue of brokers) stemming from deregulation of the minimum charge for agency trades. The loss in profitability by brokers due to deregulation is also computed and shown to be negligible. The results also show that due to complementarity, a ban on principal trading, even with deregulation of agency trading, can impose an arbitrarily high cost on investors which could, in principle, offset the gains from agency deregulation.     

铁路轨宽标准化的制度经济学解释

铁路轨宽的标准经过了长时间的演进,从最初的几百种演进到三十几种.到最后确定为一个1 435毫米的国际标准.文章从制度经济学交易成本角度考察了这个演进的过程,这个过程充分体现了交易成本在不断地降低,经济效率在大幅度地提高.根据诺斯的制度经济学理论,可知标准化演进的过程也是制度变迁的过程,但是标准比制度更好把握和实施,并且标准化极大地降低了交易成本、节约了交易时间、提高了铁路运输的效率.     

城市地下管网震后安全恢复评价曲线研究

安全恢复评价曲线（$RAC）是应用主分量分析法降维的思想,根据管网恢复评价指标中存在着一定相关性的特点,用较少的指标来代替原来较多的指标,描点形成安全恢复评价曲线。该曲线很好地解决了管网震后恢复评价过程中,多指标评价带来的选取指标过程中的主观性和由此导致的评价结果的偏差等问题,有效地提高评价的精度和效率。文章阐述了SXAC的原理与构造方法,结合聚类分析,给出了SRAC评价应用算例。     

中国房地产周期波动研究----一个基于时序全局主成分方法的分析

在现有的关于我国房地产周期波动的研究中,所使用的研究工具大多都不能深入刻画我国房地产的周期波动规律和影响我国房地产周期波动的主成分。为此,我们利用时序全局主成分这一新方法,研究了自1998年-2008年我国房地产周期波动情况及其主成分。我们发现,自1998年第四季度至2008年第3季度,我国房地产增长周期大概经历了两个完整的周期,他们分别是1999年1季度到2003年4季度,2004年1季度到2007年4季度,2008年开始我国房地产进入了向下调整的过程中。从主成分的综合影响度来看,对房地产业增长率影响较大的因素依次是：完成开发投资额增长率、施工面积增长率、空置面积增长率、人均收入水平增长率、GDP增长率、消费水平增长率、销售价格增长率、建筑贷款增长率、广义货币供应M2增长率。而其他因素的增长率对房地产业的综合影响较小。     

企业年金风险监管的主要环节与政策框架

我国企业年金运营模式复杂,年金市场涉及金融机构类型众多,风险监管尤为重要。首先要加强信用风险监管,保证相关利益主体的相对独立性,注重投资风险和运行的公平。监管机构应当加强主动监管,推动协同监管框架的创新尝试,加强监管主体之间以及其自身部门之间的信息沟通,重点监管关联交易及其可能带来的风险。     

毛泽东生产力思想探论

在革命和建设实践中,毛泽东形成了解放和发展生产力的重要思想,这一思想的要点是革命可以解放生产力、在社会主义制度下可以发展生产力。毛泽东提出了发展生产力的具体途径:先是工业化战略,继而发展为现代化战略。但由于主客观因素的影响,在20世纪50年代末以后,毛泽东逐步地偏离了实事求是的思想轨道,发动了一系列脱离中国实际的运动,给中国生产力的发展造成了严重的负面影响。     

One-step R-estimation in linear models with stable errors

Classical estimation techniques for linear models either are inconsistent, or perform rather poorly, under α$\alpha$-stable error densities; most of them are not even rate-optimal. In this paper, we propose an original one-step R-estimation method and investigate its asymptotic performances under stable densities. Contrary to traditional least squares, the proposed R-estimators remain root-n$n$ consistent (the optimal rate) under the whole family of stable distributions, irrespective of their asymmetry and tail index. While parametric stable-likelihood estimation, due to the absence of a closed form for stable densities, is quite cumbersome, our method allows us to construct estimators reaching the parametric efficiency bounds associated with any prescribed values (_α0,_b0)$({\alpha }_0,b_0)$ of the tail index α$\alpha$ and skewness parameter b$b$, while preserving root-n$n$ consistency under any (α,b)$(\alpha ,b)$ as well as under usual light-tailed densities. The method furthermore avoids all forms of multidimensional argmin computation. Simulations confirm its excellent finite-sample performances.