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排序方式: 共有250条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Wirtschaftsdienst - Im Zuge der Einführung der Niveauschutzklausel in der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung hat man den Nachholfaktor außer Kraft gesetzt. Um diese unbefriedigende Situation... 相似文献
2.
We argue that firms with interdependent worker productivity, team production, have a higher cost of absence and, as a consequence, spend additional resources on monitoring absence. As a result, firms with team production should have lower absence rates. We estimate the determinants of absence for blue‐collar workers using a sample of German manufacturing establishments. Workplace teams are used as a proxy for team production. The estimates reveal that firms with teams have lower absence rates, as do smaller establishments. The size effect, however, is unique to establishments with teams, which fits prior theoretical work that has not been previously tested. 相似文献
3.
Technological proximity and the choice of cooperation partner 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper provides empirical tests of hypotheses of cooperative behavior provided by evolutionary approaches in the resource-based
view of the firm. The influences of “technological proximity”, individual incentives to cooperate and managerial tools to
the choice of research partner are analyzed. Using German patent data we can show the positive influence of those three determinants.
The results of this paper confirm theories dealing with the path-dependency of research activities.
相似文献
4.
Dimensions of quality upgrading 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The impact of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies’ trade integration with European markets on CEE trade structures has been studied extensively. These studies frequently observe a quality upgrading of CEE exports. In this paper we consider three dimensions of quality upgrading: upgrading across industries, upgrading across different quality segments within industries and, finally, product upgrading within quality segments inside industries. For the analysis we partition industries into quality segments based on EU‐15 import unit values. The results for ten CEE countries (comprising the CEE‐5, the Baltics and South East Europe) and thirteen industries suggest fundamental differences, both across country groups and across the three different notions of quality upgrading. The CEE‐5 show no evidence of entering a ‘low‐quality trap’ in all three dimensions. By contrast, while there is a general catching‐up process across industries and inside quality segments, the second notion of low‐quality specialization may be applicable within the high‐tech industries to the performance for the Baltics and South East Europe as a group. 相似文献
5.
Uwe Walz 《European Journal of Political Economy》1996,11(4):709-723
This paper provides a growth model in which innovation as well as imitation occurs. Economic growth is due to product innovations. Innovators driven by the possibility to appropriate monopoly profits do not remain in their monopolistic position forever. Latecoming imitators get into possession of the private knowledge of production through investments in R & D. Imitated products are marketed in oligopolistic markets. Imitation proves to be profitable despite a single factor market and positive imitation costs. A steady-state equilibrium with positive imitation and innovation rates as well as different market structures can be derived. Finally, the effects of industrial policy measures are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Use of biofuels diminishes fossil fuelcombustion thereby also reducing net greenhousegas emissions. However, subsidies are
neededto make agricultural biofuel productioneconomically feasible. To explore the economicpotential of biofuels in a greenhouse
gasmitigation market, we incorporate data onproduction and biofuel processing for thedesignated energy crops switchgrass,
hybridpoplar, and willow in an U.S. AgriculturalSector Model along with data on traditionalcrop-livestock production and processing,
andafforestation of cropland. Net emissioncoefficients on all included agriculturalpractices are estimated through crop growthsimulation
models or taken from the literature. Potential emission mitigation policies ormarkets are simulated via hypothetical carbonprices.
At each carbon price level, theAgricultural Sector Model computes the newmarket equilibrium, revealing agriculturalcommodity
prices, regionally specificproduction, input use, and welfare levels,environmental impacts, and adoption ofalternative management
practices such asbiofuel production. Results indicate no rolefor biofuels below carbon prices of $40 perton of carbon equivalent.
At these incentivelevels, emission reductions via reduced soiltillage and afforestation are more costefficient. For carbon
prices above $70,biofuels dominate all other agriculturalmitigation strategies. 相似文献
7.
This paper investigates to what extent individuals' risk preferences are correlated with the cross-sectional earnings risk of their occupation. We exploit data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, which contains a direct survey question about willingness to take risks that has been shown to be a behaviorally valid measure of risk aversion. As a measure of earnings risk, we use the cross-sectional variation in earnings that is left unexplained by human capital variables in Mincerian wage regressions. Our evidence shows that individuals with low willingness to take risks are more likely to work in occupations with low earnings risk. This pattern is found regardless of the level of occupation categories, region, gender and labor market experience. 相似文献
8.
9.
We investigate the incentives for vertical and horizontal integration in the financial securities service industry. In a model with two exchanges and two central securities depositories (CSDs), we find that decentralized decisions might lead to privately and socially inferior industry equilibria with vertical integration of both CSDs with their respective exchanges. Allowing for horizontal integration of CSDs avoids privately inferior industry equilibria. However, we observe too little horizontal integration from the social perspective. We link our results to recent regulatory and institutional developments such as the emergence of multilateral trading facilities, over-the-counter regulation, and financial harmonization. 相似文献
10.
Since economic reforms began in 1978, China's urban population has increased by half a billion. Over the next 20years, cities will likely add another 300 million people through local population growth, migration and the integration of nearby rural areas, Cities account for the majority of resource use and pollution so achieving greener growth will depend on developing and implementing a more sustainable urbanization model. China's leaders have responded to these challenges with ambitious goals and comprehensive environmental laws and regulations. These have so far not significantly reduced the harm from air, water and soil pollution." in large measure because China "s green governance does not match its green ambitions. Drawing on the World Bank 's work on green growth and a recent joint urbanization study by the Development Research Center of China's State Council and the Worm Bank, this paper reviews recent academic research on green governance in urban China and discusses its main implications in the context of emerging global green growth concepts. 相似文献