Changes in food provision in Russian households experiencing perestroika

The purpose of this article is to describe how households in Novgorod the Great, Russia, deal with food provision in everyday life. The study focuses on changes experienced in food provision and consumption in Russian society, in order to illustrate how households respond to the transformation towards a market economy. The study reflects women's perspective on food provision. Students from Novgorod the Great visited 105 households and asked the women in the household to answer a questionnaire. Results from the study show that in order to cope with changes in society related to economic reforms, Russian households had changed both their food consumption and food production patterns. There was no big difference between urban and rural households. Nearly all of the households were self‐sufficient in the provision of vegetables and potatoes. Many households had a ‘dacha’ (plot), where they produced most of what they needed. Among the changes experienced during recent years (i.e. during the end of the 1990s), a decade after perestroika was initiated, households mentioned the rise in food prices and the decrease of income. Households reported that they consumed less fruit and/or meat. Some households also mentioned that the quality of nourishment had decreased, thereby indicating lower general quality, lower nutrition value, or less healthy foodstuffs.     

Why students take elective business ethics courses: Applying the theory of planned behavior

Despite the prevalence of elective business ethics courses, little research has sought to explain and predict why some students enroll in these courses and while others do not. Using the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen and Madden, 1986) as a theoretical foundation, 178 graduate students in Ireland were surveyed about their intention to sign up for an elective ethics class. Their behavior was measured two months later. The results reveal the power of the theory of planned behavior to explain and predict who takes elective ethics classes.Donna M. Randall is an associate professor and chair in the Department of Management and Systems at Washington State University. Her research interests include business ethics, organizational commitment, and reproductive risk in the work place. Her work has appeared inJournal of Business Ethics, Decision Sciences, Academy of Management Review, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Journal of Business Research, and others.     

Asset market hangovers and economic growth: the OECD during 1984-93

Asses prices and investment were unusually weak throughout theindustrial world during the early 1990s. This paper highlightsthis stylized fact, and connects it with another: in most ofthe industrial world, asset markets boomed for several yearsbefore collapsing around 1989. The paper suggests that assetmarket bubbles during the late 1980s may have left the industrialworld with an 'asset market hangover' in the early 1990s, inthe form of sluggish asset markets and investment. Empiricalsupport for this hypothesis is provided based on cross-countrydata for equity and real estate markets in most industrial countries.We suggest that financial market developments not justifiedby fundamentals can substantially affect real activity.     

深圳市线路板蚀刻废液中铜、砷、铅、汞、镉含量调查

对深圳市60家线路板企业含铜蚀刻废液中铜、砷、铅、汞、镉含量的检测结果显示:酸、碱性蚀刻废液铜含量范围分别为38.6～167.9g/L、53.7～171.8g/L,,通过测量比重推算铜含量适用于碱性废液但不适合酸性废液.56个样品可检出砷(大于3mg/L).56个样品未检出铅(小于5mg/L),其余4个铅含量偏高.所有样品汞、镉均未检出,含量分别小于4mg/L、0.3 mg/L.将各样品砷、铅、汞、镉含量实测值换算为铜含量100ga.时的相对值后发现,上述四元素在蚀刻废液中的正常值分别为＜12mgAs/L、＜5 mg Pb/L、＜4 mg Hg/L、＜0.3 mg Cd/L.     

The historical origins of the Philippine economy: a survey of recent research of the Spanish colonial era

This article surveys recent research of the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines since the late eighteenth century. While highlighting imperfections in our understanding, the article establishes the parameters with which the Philippine economy entered the twentieth century. It outlines the intensification of Spanish colonial rule through changes in the taxation system, particularly the expansion of forced tobacco cultivation until its abolition in 1882. Since then, the Spanish set out to further change and intensify colonial rule but contradictions in the system of colonial rule caused the effort to come to an abrupt end in 1898.     

E-Business Transformation via Alliance Clusters

The number of firms using alliances as part of their corporate venturing or market entry strategies has surged over the past decade. Three common reasons cited for pursuing alliances are technology convergence, market access and alliance partners' complementary resources. This paper contrasts the alliance strategies of HP and IBM, two major competitors in electronic services (i.e. Internet-based 'e- service') businesses, using the Familiarity Matrix as a display tool to portray the strategies. Whereas the HP strategy is to attempt to establish its technology infrastructure as the standard e-services infrastructure on the Internet, IBM aims to position its IBM Global Services, rather than its technology, at the center of this ecosystem.     

Loanable Funds, Monitoring and Banking

This paper studies financial intermediation in a general equilibriumoverlapping generations model. Indivisible investment projects combine withinformational imperfections to create a (hidden action) moral hazard problemand introduce a role for third-party monitoring. Agency costs at theintermediary level are also considered. Under some conditions, monitors canbe viewed as banks facing a non-trivial portfolio diversification problem.Equilibria are derived in which a large nationwide bank coexists with anumber of community-regional banks, a structure of strong empiricalrelevance. Policies such as a mandatory reserve requirement are shown tohave substantial effects on the levels of investment in the economy.     

TRENDS IN RURAL WAGES,WEST JAVA, 1977–83

This paper examines monthly wage data collected by the Agro Economic Survey from seven villages in the Cimanuk River Basin of West Java, where data on agricultural and non-agricultural wages and prices of nine essential commodities were collected twice monthly between 1977 and 1983. Movements in money wages deflated by both the rice price and a weighted index of basic commodities are analysed in detail and differences between lowland and upland villages are discussed.     

中国的对外贸易盈余失控了吗——来自中国1995年1月到2007年10月月度贸易数据的证据

本文以中国1995年1月~2007年10月月度进出口贸易数据为样本,依据理论模型的推导,采用较简洁的Engle&Granger协整关系方法论,对全样本和以2001年12月为界的两个子样本:1995年1月~2001年11月与2001年12月~2007年10月分别进行了协整检验,且对两个子样本在协整回归的基础上建立了误差修正模型(ECM)。我们得出如下结论:无论对于全样本还是两个子样本,我们发现中国月度出口和进口之间的协整关系都是存在的。中国的贸易盈余并没有失控,经常账户的跨期预算约束并没有被违反。