Effectiveness and Effects of China’s Capital Controls

I. IntroductionNations at every stage of development and in every region of the world are more closelylinked through trade in goods and services, through flows of funds and investments ineach others’ economies than ever before. But in sharp contrast to more and more nationsloosening restrictions on international trade, controls over capital flows are still substantialnearly everywhere except in the most developed economies. This is certainly the case inChina, where restrictions on movements …     

China’s Labor Market on Crossroad

I.IntroductionSincethelate1990s,China’slabor market has comeundergreat pressure,asreflected by anincreasing unemployment rate,and adeclining labor force participation rate.The causesofthe severe unemployment are threefold.First,due to the macro-economic downturn andrapid industrial structural change in the late1990s,state-owned enterprises(SOEs),whichlost their comparative advantage and competitiveness,have been unable to fully utilizetheir production capacity,and have become loss-makers.Se…     

Business services,the new engine of French regional growth

This article analyses the evolution of employment in the French regions, putting the accent on business service firms. A ‘shift and share’ type of analysis shows that a primary decentralisation in tertiary activities seems to emerge in the 1990s, essentially pertaining to ancillary producer services. An explanatory analysis backs up the general validity of the regional economic base theory: the basic activities, to which business services can quite legitimately be attached, certainly play a leading long-term role on global employment dynamics. Finally it shows that over the past 20 years, the regional offer of services to businesses has been the major discriminating variable between regions, greatly influencing the evolution of basic employment and thus confirming the vital driving force of this sector in regional dynamics.     

非线性网络的故障诊断

本文讨论了将K故障证实法推广于具有不可及节点的非线性网络的多故障诊断问题。提出了一种新的故障检验和分析方法,通过诊断实例,说明了本方法的可行性。     

The Social Limits to Markets

In spite of the failure of the old totems of socialism, much remains to offer contemporary socialists a body of ideas to which they can add strands of market thinking. But the market mentality, argues Raymond Plant, Professor of Politics at Southampton University, neglects values that socialists hold to be more important than mere efficiency.     

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Abstract

Within public administration and policy sciences the concept of policy networks nowadays is well accepted. Not much attention has been paid so far to strategies aimed at institutional design. Therefore, in this article, we develop a conceptual framework to study institutional design more thoroughly. We do this by specifying the nature and variety of institutional rules that guide the behaviour of actors within networks. Given this categorization of rules, we identify possible strategies to change network rules. Next, we focus on the strategic context of attempts to influence the nature of institutional rules: the process of institutional design. We conclude with suggestions to apply the conceptual framework to empirical research into the forms, impacts and implications of attempts to change the institutional features of policy networks.     

全球化、失衡的双重运动与“内嵌的自由主义”——基于微观层面的探讨

基于微观层面探讨内嵌的自由主义困境之成因,作者试图提供一种自下而上的解释。分析表明,内嵌的自由主义之所以陷入困境,并非由于它在效率方面不尽如人意,也不能简单地将其归因于全球化的影响。事实上,内嵌的自由主义与新自由主义对应着两种不同性质的全球化。在两种全球化的不同际遇背后,折射出的是从内嵌到脱嵌的根本性转变。两者之争,其本质并非经济效率之争,而是政治力量之争。内嵌的自由主义困境之根源在于双重运动的失衡,即国内政治力量的消长与政治格局的根本性变化。如果人们希望政治钟摆回到一种在推动国际自由化进程的同时亦注重社会保护的状态,就必须期望双重运动的失衡将得到纠正。