Assessing the impact of patent infringement on new product sales

In order to assess the impact of patent infringement on the growth of a new product, a model is developed through the intervention model development processes of Box-Jenkins and Box-Tiao. Physical interpretations of model parameters and determination of associated damages suggest that the model can provide a sound basis for analyzing patent infringement disputes.     

The European Union’s Constitutional Crisis—Causes and Consequences

The rejection of the treaty establishing a European constitution by French and Dutch voters has thrown the EU into a deep crisis. What developments in the EU contributed to these referenda results? What consequences are to be drawn for the continuation of integration and the integration goal, the governance of the EU-25 and the further planned enlargements? What flaws are there in the present draft constitution and how can these be dealt with?     

Customers' perceptions of the saleswoman: A study of personality,task and evaluative attributes by respondent location and gender

Customer perceptions of the woman salesperson were obtained and analyzed for urban and rural locations and for male and female buyers. The results showed positive attitudes towards the saleswoman but these differed by location and sex. Implications for the increased use of women salespeople suggest that they should be tailored to specific markets and sex of the buyer.     

A simple algebraic estimation procedure for innovation diffusion models of new product acceptance

A simple algebraic estimation procedure is developed to estimate the parameters of diffusion models of new product acceptance. The procedure required knowledge of the occurrence of the point of inflection (based on actual data, analogous products, or management judgments). It is conceptually easy to use and can be implemented by using a hand calculator. Since the procedure does not employ period-by-period time-series diffusion data, it is not expected to provide the best fit to the data as compared to the maximum likelihood and nonlinear least squares estimation procedures. However, the procedure can provide very reasonable estimates about the relative magnitudes of the parameter estimates. In that respect, the procedure can be used to generate good starting values for the maximum likelihood and nonlinear least squares estimation procedures. In the absence of data, using management judgments about the point of inflection, the procedure can be implemented in a decision-support system to develop conditional diffusion curves for a new product. Data from four diverse innovations are used to illustrate the procedure.     

中国、美国和欧洲:新三边关系中的合作与竞争

在国际关系多极化迅猛发展的今天,中国、美国和以欧盟为代表的欧洲正在成为全球政治经济中的三大力量中心。相应地,如何认识中、美、欧之间的三边关系及其互动模式并加以前瞻性地应对,这不仅是中国外交战略必须思考的问题,也会牵涉未来国际体系的构造。作者对现有的三边关系理论提出了改进,试图揭示中、美、欧新三边关系的基本特征:即这种三边关系仍处于初级阶段;三方共处模式是其基本形态;美欧稳定婚姻模式是其一般特征;三边博弈具有动态变化特征,且在不同议题领域内存在差异;三边关系具有开放性。考虑到中、美、欧三边关系的上述特点,处理这种三边关系的制度框架应该有多个路径,主要应以双边和大多边为主,并考虑发展尝试性的三边机制。