影响师生关系的因素及改善对策

师生关系影响着学校的教育质量,影响到学生的身心健康发展。不良的师生关系使学校教育教学的质量难以保证,同时严重影响学生的身心健康。通过分析不良师生关系的具体表现,认为造成不良师生关系的原因有教师教育理念落后、情绪情感枯竭、课堂教学管理水平低下等因素;指出改善师生关系的对策:教师要民主、平等对待学生,要尊重和理解学生,要提升自身的人格魅力。     

美国与中国货币政策工具选择的差异分析

综合近十年美国与中国在货币政策运用方面的表现,文章认为存在着注重利率的调节和注重准备金率的调节两种不同取向。文中对这种差异从利率市场化、货币政策目标及金融市场发展程度三个层面分析,并分析两国在货币政策使用的效果,最后提出我国货币政策的调整应该依据具体的经济情况、加强中国利率市场化以及建立风险防范机制三点建议。     

中国省际间农村生活用电的不平衡性分析

基于偏好相似理论,验证了将生活用电量作为衡量生活质量的一个重要指标的可行性。在此基础上,运用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数分析方法分析我国农村地区间生活用电差异,同时进行城乡比较。结果如下:我国农村地区间人均生活用电的基尼系数为0.395,比1997年我国农村电网改造前仅下降了0.016;城镇地区间人均生活用电的基尼系数为0.149,低于全国各地区间(不分农村和城镇)人均生活用电的基尼系数0.214。这说明我国农村人均生活用电的地区不平衡性远远高于城镇,全国各地区间的人均用电不平衡主要源于各地区农村地区人均用电的不平衡。最后,对产生这种不平衡的原因做了具体分析和概括。     

Optimal Capital Utilization by Financial Firms: Evidence from the Property-Liability Insurance Industry

Capitalization levels in the property-liability insurance industry have increased dramatically in recent years—the capital-to-assets ratio rose from 25% in 1989 to 35% by 1999. This paper investigates the use of capital by insurers to provide evidence on whether the capital increase represents a legitimate response to changing market conditions or a true inefficiency that leads to performance penalties for insurers. We estimate best practice technical, cost, and revenue frontiers for a sample of insurers over the period 1993–1998, using data envelopment analysis, a non-parametric technique. The results indicate that most insurers significantly over-utilized equity capital during the sample period. Regression analysis provides evidence that capital over-utilization primarily represents an inefficiency for which insurers incur significant revenue penalties.     

Creditor control rights and firm investment policy

We present novel empirical evidence that conflicts of interest between creditors and their borrowers have a significant impact on firm investment policy. We examine a large sample of private credit agreements between banks and public firms and find that 32% of the agreements contain an explicit restriction on the firm's capital expenditures. Creditors are more likely to impose a capital expenditure restriction as a borrower's credit quality deteriorates, and the use of a restriction appears at least as sensitive to borrower credit quality as other contractual terms, such as interest rates, collateral requirements, or the use of financial covenants. We find that capital expenditure restrictions cause a reduction in firm investment and that firms obtaining contracts with a new restriction experience subsequent increases in their market value and operating performance.     

从《诗经》的婚恋诗看春秋时期的婚恋习俗与观念

本文以《诗经》中的部分婚恋诗为对象,通过分析它们所表现出的当时的婚恋习俗与观念并予以分类,探究了春秋时期人们的婚恋习俗与观念。