Founders' experiences for startups' fast break-even

While some previous studies have found that the role of founders' collective experiences is paramount in resolving problems inherent in startups, others have failed to substantiate this. This study claims that this incongruence is attributable to a failure to consider organizational processes in which founders' experiences translate into organizational assets through information distribution and interpretation. Using the data from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, this study demonstrates that startups reach their break-even point faster when their founders have had work experience in the same industry, and that this effect becomes stronger when these firms commit more resources to information distribution and interpretation.     

Social marketing: the family planning experience

The authors explore social marketing applications in the Louisiana model of statewide program for family planning. The marketing concept has 4 major elements: 1) consumer orientation; 2) social process; 3) integrated effort; 4) profitable operation. Success of program and continued growth are the results of defining services needed by consumer; determining market target; taking services to customer; and emphasizing concept of selling family planning rather than giving free birth control method. Another important facet is the recognition of many participants--community agencies, the church, the American Medical Association, funding sources, and hospitals. This project used anyaltical marketing tools and defined services as human services rather than the narrow family planning services. It also extended activities to multinational environment and adapted the product offering to meet these needs.     

基于层次分析法的企业内外部环境适应性研究

文章运用层次分析法对企业的内部与外部环境的构成要素及相关性做了分析,提出了企业内部环境与外部环境的适应性模型。通过数据测算发现,在企业发展的不同阶段,影响其发展的各环境因素的权重不同。因此,企业在进行决策时要动态地分析不同时期的内外部环境对企业的影响程度,根据评价因素所发生的变化,动态地确定资源的分配比例,使企业的资源分配达到最优。