Strategic trade policy for Eastern Europe

The integration of the former state-trading countries into international free trade may, on the one hand, sensibly complement the reforms now under way towards their becoming market economies; on the other hand, this move harbours the risk of perpetuating and indeed aggravating the economic backwardness of those countries. The detrimental effects can be avoided if a product-cycle-oriented economic policy is pursued which makes a deliberate point of utilizing the relatively rich endowment of human capital available in these countries.     

Competitive effects of Basel II on US bank credit card lending

We analyze the potential competitive effects of the proposed Basel II capital regulations on US bank credit card lending. We find that bank issuers operating under Basel II will face higher regulatory capital minimums than Basel I banks, with differences due to the way the two regulations treat reserves and gain-on-sale of securitized assets. During periods of normal economic conditions, this is not likely to have a competitive effect; however, during periods of substantial stress in credit card portfolios, Basel II banks could face a significant competitive disadvantage relative to Basel I banks and nonbank issuers.     

The effects of group decision-making process and problem-situation complexity on implementation attempts

The effects of group problem-solving method and problem-situation complexity on attempts at implementing group solutions were investigated in a laboratory-field setting. Group members were supervisory nurses from various organizations, who were randomly assigned to three groups in a balanced research design which included three group decision-making processes and three levels of problem-situation complexity in implementation. The dependent variable was the number of attempts at implementing group-derived solutions in home organizations. The results showed that structure in group decision-making processes led to increased rates of implementation attempts at all levels of problem-situation complexity. There was a significant complexity-by-process interaction effect among the decision-making processes, which supports the conclusion that the type of group decision-making process and the problem-situation complexity should be considered in order to optimize the number of implementation attempts.g     

Critical factors in computing externalities for electricity resources

The New York State Environmental Externalities Cost Study and computerized externality model (EXMOD) are used to examine the specification of methods design and application factors in the computation of electricity externalities. We report the sensitivity of externality estimates with alternative specifications for 15 different factors in the analysis, including the selection of facility type, site, and operating characteristics; air emission assumptions and air modeling procedures; dose-response assumptions; economic valuation assumptions; and other modeling procedures and assumptions. Many of the factors that most influence externality computations can be well specified in the analysis, such as the facility type, age, characteristics, emission rates, whether there is SO₂ trading, and the inclusion of long range impacts. Most significant among the factors for which there remains significant scientific uncertainty are the selection and application of air dispersion models, selection of air pollution thresholds for health impacts, reduced life span risks associated with ozone exposure and with long-term exposure to PM₁₀, values for CO₂ damages, and the value to be applied to increased risks of reduced life span for individuals age 65 or older.     

Employee Stock Options, Corporate Taxes, and Debt Policy

We find that employee stock option deductions lead to large aggregate tax savings for Nasdaq 100 and S&P 100 firms and also affect corporate marginal tax rates. For Nasdaq firms, including the effect of options reduces the estimated median marginal tax rate from 31% to 5%. For S&P firms, in contrast, option deductions do not affect marginal tax rates to a large degree. Our evidence suggests that option deductions are important nondebt tax shields and that option deductions substitute for interest deductions in corporate capital structure decisions, explaining in part why some firms use so little debt.     

影响高新技术企业税收优惠政策实施效果的因素分析——以东莞市为例

本文从行为经济学的角度,运用东莞市高新技术企业的问卷调查结果,对影响高新技术企业税收优惠政策效果的因素进行实证研究,提出在税收优惠政策既定的情况下,企业的组织特征、对税收优惠政策的认知水平、政策信息的传递都会影响优惠政策的实施效果。     

一种基于四相编码和优化阵列的MIMO STAP实现方法

多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达多信号间正交性和天线阵列结构影响空时自适应处理(STAP)性能。为了提高多信号间正交性,提出了基于遗传算法优化提高四相编码的自相关峰值并降低互相关峰值方法,保证了多发射信号间良好正交性,基本抑制了盲速影响。针对天线阵列稀疏导致盲速、阵元密布导致天线孔径过小的问题,基于最大连续孔径思想,提出了一种优化阵列结构,在不显著增加天线阵列长度和阵元数目条件下,与四相编码信号结合,实现了动目标检测。仿真实验证明,基于四相编码正交信号和收发阵列设计,MIMO STAP可实现良好动目标检测性能。     

Towards a fairer manager performance measure: a DEA application in the retail industry

Abstract

Retailers need to determine the performance of their individual stores and, beyond the stores, the managers in charge of running them. The aim of this paper is to develop performance standards that can be applied to fairly distribute rewards to managers regarding their performances by taking into account store neighbourhood characteristics. In order to propose a fairer measure of store performance, the authors introduce and explore the concepts of organizational justice and store efficiency. They use real data from a French supermarket chain and a geomarketing approach. The two-step Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model results are compared with a retailer’s ranking. The retailer tends to favour points of sale having a more important sales area, with more employees and operating in a more densely populated area with a higher buying power. The ranking stemming from the DEA model links store performance to other geo-demographic variables.     

林业与绿色经济研究进展

阐述了"绿色经济"的内涵变化及林业发展思路变迁。在"绿色经济"内涵不断丰富的过程中,学术界对相关理念的接受也促使中国林业发展理念持续进步。林业在绿色经济中具有基础性的地位和作用,要发挥这一作用,需要林业发展战略的深刻转型和制度创新。     

基于城市公交系统的 B2C电子商务物流配送解决方案

随着电子商务的发展，电子商务中的物流管理越来越受到商家的重视。本文结合现阶段中国物流配送行业的状况和城市公交系统的特点，提出了基于城市公交系统的服务于B2C电子商务的第三方物流配送的解决方案。并对该模式下的工作流程、关键问题和该方案的可行性进行了分析。