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Jeffrey C. Milder Deanna Newsom Claudine Sierra Volker Bahn 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2016,24(12):1727-1740
The tourism industry can negatively affect wildlife, plants and natural ecosystems through habitat destruction, pollution, over-exploitation of natural resources and visitor impacts to sensitive ecosystems. One approach to mitigate such threats is the application of voluntary sustainability standards, supported by training of tourism enterprises and verified by external audits. The Rainforest Alliance standard defines 78 criteria (requirements) for sustainable environmental, social and business practices, and has been adopted by over 600 tourism enterprises – including hotels, lodges and tour boats – in 12 countries. We examined the performance of 106 hotels in six Latin American countries against 29 of the sustainable tourism criteria most directly related to biodiversity conservation. Independent audits were used to assess hotel performance at baseline followed by a repeat assessment after training, about two years later. Mean conformance with the 29 biodiversity criteria increased significantly during this interval, from 44% to 58%. Improvements were greatest for businesses in the lowest third of performance at baseline (laggards) and smallest for hotels in the highest third (leaders). The results indicate that a voluntary sustainability standard and training program can serve both to recognize existing good actors and to drive incremental improvement in enterprises that were previously less sustainable. 相似文献
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Deanna Ashley Yvette Holder 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2013,20(4):263-264
In 1998, in response to the escalating problem of violence and its impact on all sectors of the society, the Ministry of Health (MOH), Jamaica, established a pilot violence-related injury surveillance system (VRISS) in the country's leading public hospital, the Kingston Public Hospital (KPH) situated in the nation's capital. After six months' operation, VRISS was extended to include all injuries. Nine months later, the Jamaican Injury Surveillance System (JISS) was successfully introduced to four other hospitals and has been in operation since. Extension to an additional six institutions was implemented at the end of 2001. What were the challenges faced in introducing an injury surveillance system into the Accident &; Emergency Department (A&;E) of a general hospital, how they were overcome and what were the lessons learnt in the process? 相似文献
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The "Sect Effect" in Charitable Giving: Distinctive Realities of Exclusively Religious Charitable Givers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Russell N. James III Deanna L. Sharpe 《American journal of economics and sociology》2007,66(4):697-726
A bstract . An examination of the charitable giving behavior of 16,442 households reveals intriguing patterns consistent with the club-theoretic approach to religious sect affiliation. The club-theoretic model suggests that individuals with lower socioeconomic standing will rationally be more likely to align themselves with exclusivistic sects. Because sect affiliation is also associated with more obligatory religious contributions, this approach generates novel predictions not anticipated by standard economic models of charitable behavior. Traditional analysis of charitable giving can mask the "sect effect" phenomenon, as low-income giving is dwarfed by the giving of the wealthy. However, the application of a two-stage econometric model—separating the participation decision from the subsequent decision regarding the level of gifting—provides unique insights. Basic socioeconomic factors have significant and opposite associations with different categories of giving, calling into question the treatment of charitable giving as a homogenous activity and supporting the understanding of sect affiliation, and potentially religious extremism, as rational choice phenomena. 相似文献
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Namvar Zohoori Elizabeth Ward Georgiana Gordon Rainford Wilks Deanna Ashley Terrence Forrester 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2013,20(4):255-262
Using data for a one-year period from the Kingston Public Hospital (KPH) in Jamaica, we describe patterns of non-fatal violence-related injuries, and carry out simulation analysis to estimate rates of hospital admission under various injury reduction scenarios, and the potential savings that can be realized by reducing violent crimes. In this period there were 6107 registered violence-related visits to the KPH representing 11.5% of all recorded visits. Of these 16.6% (1001) were admitted. The most common methods of inflicting injury was by stabbing (52.1%), blunt injuries (37.9%) and gunshot wounds (7.3%). Multivariate analyses indicated that gunshot injuries, stab injuries, being male between the ages of 15 and 44 years, receiving the injury in November or December, and being injured by a stranger or unknown assailant, were significant correlates of a higher probability of admission. Simulation analysis with various injury reduction scenarios indicated decreases in the probability of admission ranging from 12% to 44%, with estimated savings of up to 31% of the annual supplies budget of KPH. 相似文献
6.
Carl Pacini William Hillison David Marlett Deanna Burgess 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2005,29(1):46-72
Recent deregulation of financial services by the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, also known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley
Act (GLB), places more reliance on corporate governance to oversee the actions of financial institutions. We examine whether
corporate governance variables explain bank shareholder reaction to GLB passage. We find that banks with better board oversight
react favorably to the GLB and banks with less effective board monitoring react less favorably to the GLB. Banks with lower
leverage, lower insider ownership, less board activity, a smaller board, fewer inside directors, and less visibility respond
more positively to the GLB. Results indicate investor approval of the legislative effort to increase the role of corporate
governance in the banking industry and affirm the importance of effective corporate oversight among financial institutions.
The authors thank the reviewers for their insights and suggestions. 相似文献
7.
Considering the significant effects of electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM), this research explores how individuals respond to eWOM and whether gender differences exist in their perceptions. To do so, by employing the perspective of social interactions, we examine the proposed relationships are different between genders. We collected data using a survey and tested the hypotheses via path analysis. The results indicate that, gender differences were found specific to search effort, product involvement, and information credibility. Women with strong online ties had a tendency to be more involved in the product information and to find the information more credible. In addition, when women had an increased search effort, they were more likely to have intention spread eWOM. This research provides insights to further research related to gender differences in eWOM by discussing implications for research and practice. 相似文献
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This research engages with the problem of company–community conflict in mining. The inequitable distributions of risks, impacts,
and benefits are key drivers of resource conflicts and are likely to remain at the forefront of mining-related research and
advocacy. Procedural and interactional forms of justice therefore lie at the very heart of some of the real and ongoing challenges
in mining, including: intractable local-level conflict; emerging global norms and performance standards; and ever-increasing
expectations for the industry to translate high-level corporate social responsibility policy into on-the-ground practice.
This research focuses on the “process” aspects of resource conflicts through an examination of existing grievance-handling
procedures at six mining operations where company–community conflict was present. In their current form, and on their own,
the six mechanisms were found to be insufficient in their capacity to advance justice. The authors argue that if the overall
objective of global norms is that companies construct and perform grievance handling in ways that strongly preference just
practices, then “mechanisms-in-practice” must be better understood and constructively critiqued along all justice dimensions. 相似文献
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Deanna S. Kempf 《心理学和销售学》1999,16(1):35-50
Affective and cognitive responses to a product trial are examined in an experiment containing two cells representing two product types: hedonic and functional. The stimulus products were a computer game and grammar‐checking software. Forty‐two college students comprised the sample for the experiment. The specific affective responses studied are pleasure and arousal, and brand cognitions are represented as the expectancy value from brand attributes (the product of brand beliefs, belief confidence, and attribute evaluations, summed across the attributes (σ biciei)). The relative level and influence of affective and cognitive responses to a product trial were shown to differ significantly, depending on whether the product was hedonic or functional in nature. Specifically, for the hedonic product, felt arousal during the trial was higher than for the functional product, and emotional responses were significant antecedents of subjects' evaluations of the trial experience. Brand cognitions, however, were not significantly related to trial evaluations for the hedonic product. In contrast, for the functional product, brand cognitions and pleasure were significant antecedents of trial evaluations, but arousal was not. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of considering both the cognitive structure created by a product trial and the consumer's emotional reactions to the trial. For hedonic products, especially, emotional responses to the trial were shown to be powerful antecedents to consumers' evaluations of a trial experience, and subsequently, brand attitude. Marketers and marketing researchers can use these results to predict which category of responses to product trial (affective or cognitive) will be most important for brand evaluation for the particular product in question. This knowledge may also enable marketers to manipulate aspects of a product trial that are most influential on the set of trial responses that this study has shown to significantly affect brand evaluation for that product type. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献