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1.
Using a panel dataset of bilateral flows of foreign direct investment (FDI), we study the determinants of FDI from Western countries, mainly in the European Union (EU), to Central and Eastern European ones. We find the most important influences to be unit labor costs, gravity factors, market size, and proximity. Interestingly, host country risk proves not to be a significant determinant. Our empirical work also indicates that announcements about EU Accession proposals have an impact on FDI for the future member countries. Journal of Comparative Economics 32 (4) (2004) 775–787. 相似文献
2.
We model the effects of license fees and bureaucratic delay on firm entry into a new competitive industry, whose profitability is initially unknown. A license fee alone reduces the number of first movers and the steady‐state number of firms. The combination of license fee and delay may cause some entrepreneurs to purchase licenses speculatively, only using them to enter production later if profitability is revealed to be sufficiently favourable. Alternatively, some entrepreneurs may wait, possibly buying a license only after profitability is revealed; but it is never found that some entrepreneurs adopt one of these strategies and some the other. 相似文献
3.
Seçil Hülya Danakol Saul Estrin Paul Reynolds Utz Weitzel 《Small Business Economics》2017,48(3):599-612
There are conflicting predictions in the literature about the relationship between FDI and entrepreneurship. This paper explores how foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, measured by lagged cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A), affect entrepreneurial entry in the host economy. We have constructed a micro-panel of more than two thousand individuals in each of seventy countries, 2000–2009, linked to FDI by matching sectors. We find the relationship between FDI inflows and domestic entrepreneurship to be negative across all economies. This negative effect is much more pronounced in developed than developing economies and is also identified within industries, notably in manufacturing. Policies to encourage FDI via M&A need to consider how to counteract the prevailing adverse effect on domestic entrepreneurship. 相似文献
4.
The determination of optimal production is analyzed in a competitive self-managed firm when all inputs are treated as variable. It is shown that the relationship between output and product price depends on a parameter of production technology that relates returns to scale to optimal factor proportions. On this basis, the enterprise planning problem can be reformulated to provide simple analytic results that can be illustrated diagrammatically and could be tested empirically. The approach highlights the sensitivity of results to technical assumptions. 相似文献
5.
Saul Estrin 《Business Strategy Review》1998,9(3):1-6
This article argues that the international financial markets' massive involvement in Russia had at best a limited basis in developments in the real economy, while financial inflows from the West both enabled and encouraged Russia to avoid the restructuring which lies behind the economic recovery elsewhere in Central and Eastern Europe. The best hope for a positive future for Russia is to allow many Russian banks and firms to go bankrupt and to change the nature of foreign financing. Liberal reforms could then be pursued with a clean slate. However, the author sees little likelihood of either of these happening. 相似文献
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In this paper, we report findings from the first comprehensive study of managerial labour markets in Central and Eastern Europe, drawing on field data from 157 firms in six countries. Results indicated widespread and deep changes occurring in the region’s managerial markets. Despite differences among countries in reform and economic performance, we found these particular changes to be surprisingly common across the countries studied. They included rapid rises in salary and benefit levels, narrowing of some skill gaps, shifts to more sophisticated methods of recruitment and an overall move towards Western management practices. The study also revealed severe shortages of qualified managers in all the countries studied. The resulting tightness in the managerial labour markets was reducing only modestly, despite other improvements. Foreign and joint-venture firms were relying disproportionately on expatriate managers, and may not have been sufficiently developing locals. We argue that, partly because of this, the distortions in pay, promotions and performance resulting from these tight markets are likely to persist for some time. 相似文献
7.
We explore the country-specific institutional characteristics likely to influence an individual’s decision to become an entrepreneur.
We focus on the size of the government, on freedom from corruption and on “market freedom” defined as a cluster of variables
related to protection of property rights and regulation. We test these relationships by combining country-level institutional
indicators for 47 countries with working-age population survey data taken from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Our results
indicate that entrepreneurial entry is inversely related to the size of the government, and more weakly to the extent of corruption.
A cluster of institutional indicators representing “market freedom” is only significant in some specifications. Freedom from
corruption is significantly related to entrepreneurial entry, especially when the richest countries are removed from the sample,
but unlike the size of government, the results on corruption are not confirmed by country-level fixed-effects models. 相似文献
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9.
The British producer coop movement, though small, is of particular interest because of its rapid current growth and its unusual variety of organizational forms. In this paper, the history, institutional structure, recent development and economic performance of the sector are discussed and policy implications drawn. It is concluded that coops should be particularly aware of problems in management, finance and internal democracy. There remains considerable scope for further public intervention including the formation of specialized support agencies for activities like marketing and training, and to assist in the creation of new coops. 相似文献
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