Love or Money? The Effects of Owner Motivation in the California Wine Industry

Models that assume only consumer tastes determine the characteristics of supply are restrictive; producers can gain utility from aspects of production and pay for deviating from demand by accepting lower financial returns. We model and measure motivations of California winery owners, and analyze their effects on quality and price. We find utility–maximizers are more likely to produce high quality and set higher quality–adjusted prices. Profit–oriented owners are less likely to produce high quality wines. These results suggest that the presence of hobbyists who enjoy producing high quality may lower financial returns in the segment and discourage profit–maximizers from locating there.     

Management and the Professions: How Cracked is That Glass Ceiling?

All prestigious or highly-paid occupations in Britain are dominated by men: this is as true of the public sector as it is of industry. This article examines the evidence for discrimination in the public sector. It deals with both the situation at work and the one at home. It looks at various explanations as to why this is the case, as well as the evidence on how men and women deal with the inequality. The author concludes that there are good reasons why men and women do not see or confront the issues discussed in her article. Unless men and women wake up to the fact that we live in an unequal society and wish to see the glass ceiling well and truly broken, little is likely to change.     

Patients' rights and informed consent: Swedish experiences

Care and treatment must as far as possible be designed and conducted in consultation with the patient, who must be informed of his state of health and of the treatment methods available. This is what the Swedish Health and Medical Services Act prescribes. This principle is in accordance with modern consumer policy, but for several reasons the patient is not an ideal buyer. Unquestionably, the system is characterized by professional dominance. The professions are supported by a cultural climate where formal complaints are exceptional. A unilateral liability insurance, the No Fault Patient Insurance, covers every patient. It pays standard amounts in the event of mishaps or malpractice without raising any questions as to who is to blame. There are 5,000 complaints per year, and roughly half of these result in payment to the patient. Lack of information about risks in diagnosis or therapy are mentioned in about 10 percent of the complaints.

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Patientenrechte und informierte Zustimmung: schwedische Erfahrungen

Zusammenfassung Krankenbehandlung und Krankenversorgung muß so weit wie möglich in Abstimmung mit dem Patienten entwickelt und durchgeführt werden, der deshalb über seinen Gesundheitszustand und die verfügbaren Behandlungsmethoden unterrichtet werden muß. Dieses Prinzip findet sich im schwedischen Gesundheitsversorgungsgesetz. Das Prinzip entspricht moderner Verbraucherpolitik, obwohl der Patient aus verschiedenen Gründen ein schlechter Käufer ist. Das Gesundheitssystem wird von der Dominanz der Professionen, insbesondere der Ärzte gekennzeichnet. Die Situation wird durch eine kulturelle Einstellung gegenüber Ärzten stabilisiert, wonach förmliche Beschwerden die Ausnahme sind. Deshalb wurde in Schweden eine Haftpflichtversicherung für Behandlungsfehler und Arzneimittelschäden eingerichtet. Sie ersetzt jedem Patienten ohne Rücksicht auf den Verschuldensnachweis die von ihm erlittenen Gesundheitsschäden. Ungefähr 5,000 Beschwerden werden in Schweden jährlich registriert, wovon die Hälfte in Schadenersatzzahlungen an Patienten resultieren. Informationsmängel bei der Aufklärung über Diagnose- oder Therapierisiken machen 10 Prozent der Fälle aus. Weiterhin beschäftigt sich der Aufsatz mit der Notwendigkeit informierter Zustimmung des Patienten im Rahmen von klinischen Versuchen.

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Edgar Borgenhammar is Professor of Health Services Management at the Nordic School of Public Health, Box 12 133, S-402 42 Gothenburg, Sweden.     

Improving an outpatient clinic utilization using decision analysis-based patient scheduling

This study presents a predictive model to be used in scheduling patients in an urban outpatient clinic. The model is based upon actual patient characteristics from a physical therapy clinic within an urban health and wellness center situated in a public university. A number of reported patients' characteristics such as age, education level, distance from the clinic, historical attendance records, etc. were examined to determine if they significantly impacted the patients' missing scheduled appointments (no-shows.) Decision tree analysis was used to develop a model that assessed the likelihood of a patient's no-show, using key patient characteristics and attendance records. Such a model can be used to assist with scheduling patients in an outpatient clinic, while attempting to increase the clinic's overall utilization. Four tree growing criteria were examined to develop the model with the strongest predictive power. Predictive power of each method was assessed by using the entire dataset as well as using split sampling. The results were then compared with those of a Bayesian networks model and a neural networks model. In addition, the trade-off between the selected decision tree model's predictive power versus simplicity of the associated classification rules was examined. We also assessed the impact of various levels of overbooking on the clinic's utilization when using patients' schedules based on the predictive model.     

Applying the Principles of Soccer Training to the Design and Delivery of Classes in Introductory Accounting Courses

Accounting instructors face numerous challenges in structuring and teaching accounting classes. This paper describes the experience of redesigning classes in an introductory accounting course to follow the format of team training sessions in the sport of soccer. The soccer format includes six sections: warm‐up, balance/agility/coordination, skill/technique, simplified small game, game, and cooldown. We explain how the activities in each of these sections can be translated into parts of a class session. While adopting this format requires instructors to invest time in preparation and to be flexible and responsive when facilitating classes, informal results indicate that this class format is rewarding for both instructor and students and that it enhances student performance and experience. We suggest that elements of this class format could be successfully adopted for courses in other business subjects, and in nonbusiness disciplines.     

Success factors in a CRM strategy: technology is not all

Organisations today need to create, maintain and reinforce relationships with customers. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) seems to have helped firms to better understand their relationships. However, past studies have looked at technology and customer orientations (COs) as key factors. This paper aims to analyse the simultaneous effect of Market Orientation (MO) (rather than CO), Knowledge Management (KM) and other organisational factors in order to explain how to implement a successful CRM. Findings suggest that MO and KM may influence CRM success. Data also suggest that particular organisational factors such as employees, leadership and specific know-how may be key factors in determining the success of CRM. For efficiency resource management, this paper recommends to focus not as much in technology, but on programmes for selection, training and motivation of employees which may enhance CRM objectives. Companies may also pursue a higher customer value by putting in place and reinforcing KM schemes in specific know-hows about CRM.     

REGIONAL ANTI‐CORRUPTION EFFORT,POLITICAL CONNECTIONS AND FIRM INNOVATION EFFORT: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

This paper examines how firm characteristics and local anti‐corruption effort moderate the influence of political connections on enterprises’ private R&D investment using data from 2,587 Chinese A‐share listed enterprises. Our results show that the local anti‐corruption institutional environment significantly moderates the strong relationship between political connections and enterprises’ private R&D investment. Firm characteristics (i.e., firm size and firm age) also show a moderating effect on the relationship between political connection and enterprises’ private R&D investment; larger and older enterprises are more likely to have innovative resources and business cooperation partners, and thus are able to reduce their degree of reliance on political connections and government funding. The results of our study suggest the importance of having a transparent and fair institutional environment for enterprise innovation activities.