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1.
The Indian and Pakistani banking industry is said to have an excessive use of labour due to the significant market share of government owned banks. Both countries have undertaken a process of regulatory reform to bring about market discipline in the usage of inputs and to increase the labour use efficiency and productivity. The focus of this paper is the estimation of productivity and efficiency of labour use in the banking sectors of the Indian sub-continent. The results show that the efficiency of labour use across the Indian sub-continent is improving over time and that foreign banks are more efficient compared to domestically owned banks in their usage of labour. 相似文献
2.
This paper uses a multi-market partial equilibrium model to assess the impact of selected alternative methods of payment of the Crow Benefit on the economic welfare of farm input suppliers for the feed grain sector in western Canada. the model is calibrated using data representative of the period from 1986 to 1988. Inputs are grouped into categories of land, labor, machinery and buildings, and other purchased inputs. Impacts of alternative policy regimes are found to differ substantially by the characteristics of the particular policy proposal and also by the nature of the input in question. Input suppliers would be worse off under the method of payment embodied in the so-called Gilson, 50:50 and Agricultural Diversification Alliance proposals, but would be better off under the Grain Trasportation Refund plan. Adverse impacts on landowne welfare, measured as percentage change in economic rents received, would be larger than the effects on other input suppliers, in some cases exceeding 10% of the rents received under the status quo. L'étude utilise un modèle multi-marchéàéquilibre partiel pour évaluer les incidences de diverses méthodes de paiement du montant compensatoire du Nid-de-Corbeau sur la situation économique des agrofournisseurs du secteur des céréles de provendes dans l'ouest du Canads. Le modèle est étalonné au moyen de données représentatives d'une période allant de 1986 à 1988. Les intrants sont groupés en catégories: fonds de terre, main-d'oeuvre, machinerie et bâtiments et autres fournitures achetées. Les effets des divers régimes diffèrent sensiblement par les caractères du projet do politique et aussi par la nature des intrants en question. La situation des fournisseurs serait empirée si l'on emploie la méthode de paicment comprise dans les programmes Gilson, 50:50 et Agricultural Diversification Alliance, mais elle serait meilleure avec le plan de remboursement sur le transport du grain. Les effets négatifs sur la situation des propriétaires de terre, mesurés par le changement en pourcentage du loiyer économique reçu, étaient plus importants que les effets sur les autres catégories d'agrofournisseurs, dépassant parfois 10% du loye reçu dans le régime actuel. 相似文献
3.
Syed Mohsin Ali Shah Javed Ghulam Hussain 《Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing》2015,32(8):990-1022
This paper aims to build a structured literature review of the field of market orientation and its impact on tourism small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) performance in developing countries. This literature review will present a comprehensive survey of market orientation (MO) published articles to facilitate good understanding of MO. It serves as an archive and aims to help the scholars and practitioners to explore, analyse, and develop a clear understanding about the different research points and methodologies implemented in previous studies related to MO and its impact on tourism SMEs’ performance. The paper systematically reviews and categorizes the published literature implementing a three-stage methodology, and thereafter analyzes and reviews this literature methodologically. The review covered many areas and identified some factors that drive/hinder market-oriented activities within tourism SMEs. Furthermore, suggestions have been made to understand more thoroughly how market orientation influences tourism SMEs performance in developing economies. A research gap in the area of market orientation and tourism SMEs performance in developing countries was identified. The study provides great benefits for owner-managers, government policy makers, scholars, and educators by clarifying the concept of market orientation and its relationship with performance in the context of tourism SMEs. 相似文献
4.
Arshad Muhammad Abid Ghulam Torres Francoise Venezia Contreras 《Quality and Quantity》2021,55(1):133-150
Quality & Quantity - This study empirically examined how ethical leadership and leader-member exchange mediates the relationship between prosocial motivation and organizational citizenship... 相似文献
5.
An Evaluation of Contingent Claims Using the CKLS Interest Rate Model: An Analysis of Australia, Japan, and the United Kingdom 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper we apply a new efficient numerical method for valuing default free bonds and contingent claims within the CKLS interest rate model. Using historical parameter estimates of the CKLS model for Australia, Japan, and the United Kingdom we compare implied bond and contingent claim prices. Our results indicate that default free bond prices and contingent claim prices are sensitive to the underlying interest rate model used. 相似文献
6.
This article examines the out‐of‐sample pricing performance and biases of the Heston’s stochastic volatility and modified Black‐Scholes option pricing models in valuing European currency call options written on British pound. The modified Black‐Scholes model with daily‐revised implied volatilities performs as well as the stochastic volatility model in the aggregate sample. Both models provide close and similar correspondence to actual prices for options trading near‐ or at‐the‐money. The prices generated from the stochastic volatility model are subject to fewer and weaker aggregate pricing biases than are the prices from the modified Black‐Scholes model. Thus, the stochastic volatility model may provide improved estimates of the measures of option price sensitivities to key option parameters that may lead to more effective hedging and speculative strategies using currency options. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 20:265–291, 2000 相似文献
7.
Mahmudul Anam Ghulam Hussain Anjum Shin-Hwan Chiang 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(8):1117-1129
In this paper, we revisit optimal choice of invoice currency for an exporting firm in the face of exchange rate uncertainty. We demonstrate that when a vehicle currency is available, the optimum choice depends not only on the volatility of the exchange rates but the covariance between them as well. In particular, we show that when the exchange rates between the exporter and importer currencies on the one hand, and the exporter and the vehicle currency on the other, are positively correlated, vehicle currency becomes an attractive choice. The intuition underlying this novel outcome is that this regime dampens profit variability for the exporter. 相似文献
8.
Spectral risk measures (SRMs) are risk measures that take account of user risk-aversion, but to date there has been little
guidance on the choice of utility function underlying them. This paper addresses this issue by examining alternative approaches
based on exponential and power utility functions. A number of problems are identified with both types of spectral risk measure.
The general lesson is that users of spectral risk measures must be careful to select utility functions that fit the features
of the particular problems they are dealing with, and should be especially careful when using power SRMs.
相似文献
Ghulam SorwarEmail: |
9.
Ghulam Murtaza Muhammad Abbas Usman Raja Olivier Roques Afsheen Khalid Rizwan Mushtaq 《Journal of Business Ethics》2016,133(2):325-333
This study examines the impact of Islamic Work Ethic (IWE) on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and knowledge-sharing behaviors (KSBs) among university employees in Pakistan. A total of 215 respondents from public sector educational institutions participated in this research. The findings suggest that IWE has a positive effect on OCBs. In other words, individuals with high IWE demonstrate more citizenship behaviors than those with low IWE. The findings also suggest a positive effect of IWE on KSBs. Individuals with high IWE exhibit more KSBs than those with low IWE. The paper also discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. 相似文献
10.
Tehmina Mangan Roy Brouwer Heman Das Lohano Ghulam Mustafa Nangraj 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2013,21(3):473-486
Keenjhar Lake, Pakistan's largest freshwater lake and an important Ramsar site, provides habitat for internationally important water birds. Annually, 385,000 people visit the lake. The lake is threatened by a variety of causes, including industrial and agricultural pollution. To support its sustainable management and conservation, the lake's recreational value is estimated using an individual travel cost model. Randomly selected visitors are interviewed during peak season about their recreational travel behavior and perception of lake conditions. Key issues in travel cost modeling are addressed, including the opportunity cost of time, group travel, substitution and income effects, and endogenous stratification and truncation due to on-site sampling. Poisson and negative binomial regression models produce similar results. We find significant over-dispersion, and therefore, use the more conservative truncated negative binomial model results to estimate consumer surplus. The value of this assessment method for resource managers is illustrated by comparing the consumer surplus with existing pricing and budgeting mechanisms. The annual flow of benefits from lake recreation appears to be almost 50 times higher than the average entrance fee paid by the predominantly higher-income segments visiting the lake, suggesting scope for increasing fees and reallocating government budgets to finance the necessary lake protection measures. 相似文献