中国国有企业的赢利状况分析

作者通过对我国五大城市的国有企业的考察 ,剖析大、中、小企业的盈亏状况 ,并提出对策性的意见。     

自然和社会—苏联地理学界持续不断的争论

从十九世纪起人类社会与自然环境的相互关系就一直是苏联地理学界的主要论题。在苏维埃时代,这个问题就已经成为意识形态领域激烈争论的中心问题。近年来,地理学的空间侧面比以往受到了更多的重视,然而环境问题依然是苏联地理学界讨论最多的问题之一,也是许多著述和文章的主题。近十年来,苏联地理学具有显著发展,体现在一些重要的地理学家对环境问题的态度有所改变,已经试图在社会与自然环境的关系方面创立一种新的方法。     

综合运用财税政策 促进经济快速发展

捆绑使用各项企业资金，包括科技三项费用、中小企业科技刨新基金、挖潜改造资金等。(1)从过去对国有企业以“扶贫救济型”政策为主转为以“扶优扶强型”激励政策为主，集中资金重点支持支柱产业、重点企业和高新技术产业的发展；(2)从对单个企业的扶持转变为按产业政策对重点产业和行业的扶持，对符合产业政策的项目，根据其规模、效益、科技含量和财税贡献率的大小等择优扶持；(3)主要以贴息等方式支持企业技术改造和技术创新，对具有科技优势、品牌优势和市场优势的企业进行重点扶持。     

Why do mothers breastfeed girls less than boys? Evidence and implications for child health in India

Breastfeeding is negatively correlated with future fertility because nursing temporarily reduces fecundity and because mothers usually wean on becoming pregnant again. We model breastfeeding under son-biased fertility preferences and show that breastfeeding duration increases with birth order, especially near target family size; is lowest for daughters and children without older brothers because their parents try again for a son; and exhibits the largest gender gap near target family size, when gender is most predictive of subsequent fertility. Data from India confirm each prediction. Moreover, child survival exhibits similar patterns, especially in settings where the alternatives to breastmilk are unsanitary.     

Poverty in Edwardian Britain

This article introduces a newly discovered household budget data set for 1904. We use these data to estimate urban poverty among working families in the British Isles. Applying Bowley's poverty line, we estimate that at least 23 per cent of people in urban working households and 18 per cent of working households had income insufficient to meet minimum needs. This is well above Rowntree's estimate of primary poverty for York in 1899 and high in the range that Bowley found in northern towns in 1912–13. The skill gradient of poverty is steep; for instance, among labourers' households, the poverty rates are close to 50 per cent. Measures of the depth of poverty are relatively low in the data, suggesting that most poor male-headed working households were close to meeting Bowley's new standard.     

梁赞市的新政策概述——为发展而合作

中俄不仅有广阔的国土相接,而且有着全方位的合作.我认为中国今日经济之发展模式是非常值得关注的.投资是中国近几年经济发展的关键驱动力之一,因此,我们对中国如何吸投资的经验非常感兴趣.这并不是我们的一家之言,事实确实如此.因此,我们市政服务改革的主要目标之一就是创造吸引投资的环境.