德国如何成功举办世界杯足球赛

2006年德国世界杯足球赛是2008年北京奥运会之前全球最大的体育赛事。北京市发改委奥运经济高级顾问黄为专程前往德国，为北京奥运求取真经。[编者按]     

Influence analysis for Poisson inverse Gaussian regression models based on the EM algorithm

For Poisson inverse Gaussian regression models, it is very complicated to obtain the influence measures based on the traditional method, because the associated likelihood function involves intractable expressions, such as the modified Bessel function. In this paper, the EM algorithm is employed as a basis to derive diagnostic measures for the models by treating them as a mixed Poisson regression with the weights from the inverse Gaussian distributions. Several diagnostic measures are obtained in both case-deletion model and local influence analysis, based on the conditional expectation of the complete-data log-likelihood function in the EM algorithm. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the results.     

The role of intermediaries in facilitating trade

This paper documents that intermediaries play an important role in facilitating international trade. We modify a heterogeneous firm model to allow for an intermediary sector. The model predicts that firms will endogenously select their mode of export - either directly or indirectly through an intermediary - based on productivity. The model also predicts that intermediaries will be relatively more important in markets that are more difficult to penetrate. We provide empirical confirmation for these predictions using the firm-level census of China's trade, and generate new facts regarding the activity of intermediaries. We also provide evidence that firms begin to export directly after exporting through intermediaries.     

《企业财务通则》解读之六 第六章 收益分配

<正>《企业财务通则》(以下简称《通则》)第六章主要规范企业的收益分配。所谓收益分配是指企业实现的净利润如何在投资分红和再投资之间进行分配,《通则》从企业收入管理、股权投资收益的处理、年度亏损的弥补、年度净利润的分配以及其他要素参与分配等几方面做了具体规定。一、企业收入的管理收入包括企业销售商品收入、劳务收入、利息收入、使用费收入、租金收入、股利收入以及投资者、经     

ARXAN,Just Beyond Your Imagination

Tired of the hustle and bustle in the crowded city? Don't worry; we always have some other options to please ourselves. Sited in the north-east of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, neighboring on Mongolia, and also nearby Russian, there is a paradise on earth. Named "Saint Spring & Snowy City", Arxan is everything more than your expectation.     

Der Patient als Partner

Die Patientenedukation schlie?t eine umfassende Information und Beratung des Betroffenen hinsichtlich der verschiedenen Aspekte seiner Erkrankung ein. Gerade bei geriatrischen Patienten mit oft komplexen Krankheitsbildern ist sie oft die Voraussetzung für ein weiteres selbstst?ndiges Leben. Was geh?rt alles dazu?     

《企业财务通则》解读之一 第一章 总则与附则

<正>企业财务是指企业在生产经营过程中客观存在的财务活动及其体现的经济利益关系。财务活动主要包括企业筹资、投资、利润分配等。现代企业是多边契约关系的总和,在企业财务活动中,往往体现着各种财务关     

Managing uncertainty in on-demand air travel

Fractional management companies (FMCs) that provide on-demand air travel services experience frequent changes in aircraft availability and flight requests. We propose scheduling heuristics which are both cost-effective and persistent (i.e., close to the original schedule) to address the uncertainty. The heuristics include pro-actively enforcing idleness of aircraft in creating the original schedule, strategically repositioning aircraft to serve yet-unknown demand and dense scheduling. Computational experiments are conducted in a simulator that mimics FMCs’ daily operations. Simulation results quantify the value of each heuristic, which can be easily incorporated into existing computational methods used in FMCs for static scheduling problems.     

陶瓷艺术商品流变:民俗艺术与文人审美的融合——解读宋元磁州窑的装饰构成

磁州窑作品作为宋元时期一种文化现象,不应仅从陶瓷角度去解读,其中还包涵了宋元时期陶瓷的商品经济成长的轨迹,也反映了宋元民间风俗艺术取向与文人审美时尚合流趋势。磁州窑文化涉及宋元时代风貌、民俗风物、透视出政治、经济、文化、科技、军事等多方面的内容与信息。本文试图从磁州窑的文质来源与工巧体现着手,解读中国艺术商品史的一个典型案例。