排序方式: 共有41条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Gender,life cycle,and family ‘strategies’ among the poor: the Barcelona workhouse, 1762–1805
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The Economic history review》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Poor relief has received less attention from historians of southern Europe compared with northern Europe. This article seeks to challenge the frequent assumption that the strength of family ties in southern Europe mitigated the need for welfare provision. It provides new data for men and boys entering the Barcelona workhouse in the period 1780–1803, and compares these with data from an earlier study of women and girls who entered the same institution over the period 1762–1805. We establish the characteristics of those who sought relief in terms of age, place of origin, marital status, and occupation. We use the information on reasons for entry and exit to ascertain family circumstances. We show that there were significant differences between males and females in terms of why they entered and left, and length of stay, particularly among the elderly. The bulk of the population of the workhouse, however, was comprised of children and adolescents. For this group, entry into the workhouse represented not just a temporary solution to life cycle poverty and periodic unemployment, but also a longer‐term strategy aimed at smoothing entry into the labour market. 相似文献
2.
Airport capacity continues to be one of the air transport issues that creates the most concern. The major environmental constraint for airports is the noise generated by aircraft. Annoyed communities living around airports have become a limiting factor for airport capacity and operability. This paper brings together the existing literature in the fields of airport environmental capacity, non-acoustic factors of noise annoyance, NIMBYism and environmental conflicts. We also analyze the socio-environmental conflict between Barcelona airport and the community of Gavà Mar. This case shows that the lack of trust between parties, the impossibility of predicting noise exposure, the absence of opportunities for civil society to speak and the difficulty of accessing relevant information foster annoyance and mobilization in the communities that live around the airport. In addition, it is shown that, in such a situation, communities’ reactions can evolve to a post-NIMBY stage in which proactive attitudes replace reactive ones. 相似文献
3.
Pedro Carvalho Miguel Ángel Márquez Montserrat Díaz-Méndez 《Journal of Convention & Event Tourism》2018,19(1):63-82
This article aims to identify the determinants that influence business tourism income and that may be controlled by economic agents and policy makers of destination countries. For the development of the empirical study, a dynamic panel model by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was estimated using the Gretl 2016a software, and a sample of 122 countries for the period 2002–2013 (12 years) was used. The study reveals that, for the development of policies to stimulate the growth in the short and long-term of business tourism income, countries should develop measures that encourage capital investment in tourism and foreign direct investment. 相似文献
4.
5.
Entrialgo Montserrat Fernández Esteban Vázquez Camilo J. 《Small Business Economics》2001,16(3):223-236
The research reported in this article examines the influence of the organizational context of firm on their entrepreneurship. Specifically, this study examines how the organizational context variables of age, size, resources and competitive strategy affect entrepreneurship and in particular, innovation, proactiveness and risk-taking. Results from a sample of 233 firms showed, as hypothesized, the significant influence of resources and competitive strategy on entrepreneurship. However, size and age were not significant. 相似文献
6.
Darko Dimitrovski Montserrat Crespi-Vallbona 《Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing》2017,34(4):475-487
In this paper we advocate the study of local food markets to explore fundamental issues about the relationship between these urban tourist attractions and visitors’ motivation and satisfaction. Based on a survey in La Boqueria Market in Barcelona, Spain, we test the direct effect of escape from routine, cultural experience, prestige, and food market involvement on satisfaction, and also the moderator role of food neophilia in this relationship. We conclude that tourists visiting food markets are motivated mainly by cultural experience and interaction with local producers, while food neophilia plays a significant moderator role. 相似文献
7.
Jean Pinquet Montserrat Guillén Mercedes Ayuso 《The Journal of risk and insurance》2011,78(4):983-1002
This article presents a case study of a portfolio of individual long‐term insurance contracts sold by a Spanish mutual company. We describe the risk levels, the rating structure, and the implied cross‐subsidies on a portfolio of policies providing health, life, and long‐term care insurance. We show evidence of reclassification risk through the history of disability spells. We also analyze the lapse behavior and seek to provide a rationale for the portfolio’s dynamics. We discuss the lack of commitment from the policyholders (lapses) and from the mutual company (which took a run‐off decision). Finally, we draw conclusions regarding the design of such contracts. 相似文献
8.
Montserrat Fuentes Peter Guttorp Peter Challenor 《Revue internationale de statistique》2003,71(2):201-221
Evaluation of physically based computer models for air quality applications is crucial to assist in control strategy selection. The high risk of getting the wrong control strategy has costly economic and social consequences. The objective comparison of modeled concentrations with observed field data is one approach to assessment of model performance. For dry deposition fluxes and concentrations of air pollutants there is a very limited supply of evaluation data sets. We develop a formal method for evaluation of the performance of numerical models, which can be implemented even when the field measurements are very sparse. This approach is applied to a current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air quality model. In other cases, exemplified by an ozone study from the California Central Valley, the observed field is relatively data rich, and more or less standard geostatistical tools can be used to compare model to data. Yet another situation is when the cost of model runs is prohibitive, and a statistical approach to approximating the model output is needed. We describe two ways of obtaining such approximations. A common technical issue in the assessment of environmental numerical models is the need for tools to estimate nonstationary spatial covariance structures. We describe in detail two such approaches. 相似文献
9.
Jean-Philippe Boucher Michel Denuit† Montserrat Guillen‡ 《The Journal of risk and insurance》2009,76(4):821-846
The hunger for bonus is a well-known phenomenon in insurance, meaning that the insured does not report all of his accidents to save bonus on his next year's premium. In this article, we assume that the number of accidents is based on a Poisson distribution but that the number of claims is generated by censorship of this Poisson distribution. Then, we present new models for panel count data based on the zero-inflated Poisson distribution. From the claims distributions, we propose an approximation of the accident distribution, which can provide insight into the behavior of insureds. A numerical illustration based on the reported claims of a Spanish insurance company is included to support this discussion. 相似文献
10.
Nuria Osés-Eraso Frederic Udina Montserrat Viladrich-Grau 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2008,40(4):529-550
We study appropriation strategies in common pool resources where extinction is a credible threat. Here we present an experimental
study of the appropriation of common pool resources in a dynamic setting where resource availability depends on the initial
environmental characteristics of the common resource and on human-induced resource depletion due to users’ appropriation patterns.
Our results show that initial resource scarcity limits appropriation by inducing an initial caution among users that persists
throughout of the game. Additionally, we find that subjects restrain their appropriation strategies when scarcity increases.
However, this concern for resource scarcity is not enough to prevent resource depletion. Agents do not counteract the previous
rounds’ appropriation strategies but follow the appropriation trend. High appropriation levels are followed by higher appropriation
strategies, thus promoting the well known tragedy of the commons. Often concern for resource preservation is not great enough
to limit appropriation.
相似文献