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1.
Green Tax Reform and Competitiveness 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper studies a revenue-neutral green tax reform that substitutes energy for wage taxes in an open economy with unemployment. As long as the labour tax rate exceeds the energy tax rate, such a reform will increase employment, reduce the domestic firms' unit cost of production and hence increase international competitiveness and output of the economy. The driving force behind these results is the technological substitution process that a green tax reform will bring about. The resulting reduction in unemployment is welfare increasing since energy, which the country has to buy at its true national opportunity cost, is replaced with labour, whose price is above its social opportunity cost. 相似文献
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This paper shows that outsourcing of parts of the workforce in unionized firms leads to wage moderation both in the case of strategic and flexible outsourcing. As long as the share of the outsourced workforce is not too large, this wage‐moderation effect on domestic employment outweighs the direct substitution effect so that domestic employment increases in unionized firms as outsourcing costs fall. With respect to the impact of labor tax reform changes in the wage tax rate, the tax exemption and the unemployment benefit payments affect domestic wage setting in the same way as in the absence of outsourcing. Furthermore, increasing the degree of tax progression by keeping the relative tax burden per worker constant continues to be good for employment. However, except for low outsourcing activities, the impact of these policy measures will become smaller as outsourcing costs fall. 相似文献
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Ronnie Horesh 《Economic Affairs》2000,20(3):39-42
There seems little chance of achieving many social objectives, given that the ways in which they are being pursued fail to harness self-interest. A way forward is to create a new financial instrument - Social Policy Bonds - which would be auctioned by government. The bonds would be tradable and would be redeemed only when a specified social objective had been achieved. 相似文献
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Ronnie Schb 《Bulletin of economic research》1998,50(1):83-89
There is widespread agreement on the ability of ecological tax reforms to improve the environmental quality. This paper, however, points out that a negative marginal impact on the environment cannot be ruled out for revenue-neutral ecological tax reforms in both first-best and second-best frameworks. Therefore, sufficient conditions are derived which ensure the improvement of the environmental quality. 相似文献
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PARTIAL HEDGING IN A STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY ENVIRONMENT 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We consider the problem of partial hedging of derivative risk in a stochastic volatility environment. It is related to state-dependent utility maximization problems in classical economics. We derive the dual problem from the Legendre transform of the associated Bellman equation and interpret the optimal strategy as the perfect hedging strategy for a modified claim. Under the assumption that volatility is fast mean-reverting and using a singular perturbation analysis, we derive approximate value functions and strategies that are easy to implement and study. The analysis identifies the usual mean historical volatility and the harmonically averaged long-run volatility as important statistics for such optimization problems without further specification of a stochastic volatility model. The approximation can be improved by specifying a model and can be calibrated for the leverage effect from the implied volatility skew. We study the effectiveness of these strategies using simulated stock paths. 相似文献
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Finance and Stochastics - We consider the problem of optimal portfolio selection under forward investment performance criteria in an incomplete market. Given multiple traded assets, the prices of... 相似文献
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The Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) follow several cohorts of young Australians as they move through secondary school, into further study, work and other destinations. The LSAY datasets provide an evidence‐based capacity for sophisticated exploration of policy and research questions through insights into individual changes, transitions and trajectories across the life‐course of young Australians. This article aims to provide an update on the progress of LSAY, including its history, evolution of the sample, sample maintenance activities, updates to the information collected, developments to the survey, the many uses that have been made of the data and possible enhancements. 相似文献
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