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PD Dr. Michael Br?uninger ist Leiter des Kompetenzbereichs Wirtschaftliche Trends und Hamburg am Hamburgischen WeltWirtschafts-Institut und Dr. Silvia Stiller ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Schwerpunkt Wirtschaftsraum Europa des Hamburgischen Welt-Wirtschafts-Archivs. 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2006,86(4):260-265
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Urban centres and their surroundings often act as highly dynamic economic areas. Due to continuing urban migration, population growth as well as their heightened potential for employment, they have significant impact on Germany’s overall economic performance. Cities benefit from their neighbouring regions via a division of labour based on functional and spatial comparative advantages. Jobs in the service sector are concentrated in the city, while surrounding regions show a relatively high specialisation in the industrial sector. The economic development of metropolitan regions can be fostered particularly by improving supra-regional metropolitan functions related to education and to research and development. Moreover, the improvement of the intra-regional infrastructure also contributes to the economic strength of the whole metropolitan area. 相似文献
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Current pricing and charging methods for the Internet are not based on actual usage of this service, which leads to unfairness
and more important, it does not deliver the right signals through financial incentives to network providers to upgrade critical
links of their networks. The development of new multimedia applications and the convergence to an integrated services network
will foster the tremendous growth of the Internet even more. With the Next Generation Internet not only technical services
like bandwidth reservation will be introduced, but also new applications will emerge within the Internet.
Charging the Internet in a fashion that provides feedback to users and providers has been proposed since the early '90s, however,
only a few implementations and real-world examples are known today. This is due to subsidizing the Internet in its early stages
and due to a technical development that did not care much about charging. With the recent redesign of the Internet protocol
suite and discussions on multiple service classes in the Internet, architectures for charging and accounting have to be revisited,
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Economic models for the Internet cannot be tested fully and validated in non-real-world environments, because of the unknown
user behavior. With this uncertainty over what models and pricing schemes to choose, it is evident that a specific charging
and accounting platform will never be accepted by the community. In this paper a novel and flexible architecture for charging
and accounting is proposed that provides a wide range of mechanisms and lets researchers experiment in an environment as close
as possible to the targeted system. As a first step, four different pricing schemes are described, qualitatively assessed
on the proposed platform, and a prototypical implementation performed. One of the economic models that have been implemented
on Arrow is based on different service classes including reservation and recalculates prices dynamically depending on the
traffic situation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Traditionally, EU policies have been focused on economic and social cohesion. Recently, the territorial dimension of regional
disparities as an aspect of EU policy has gained importance. The European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP), adopted
in 1999, is meant to support a balanced development of the EU territory. Moreover, the European Commission addressed issues
of territorial cohesion in its latest cohesion report. The present paper deals with territorial disparities and their current
development in the EU. It analyses which kinds of region develop dynamically and offer favourable labour market conditions.
The differences between rural and urban areas are a fundamental feature of territorial disparities in the EU and are of essential
significance for the ESDP. The analysis deals with the question whether disparities between poor and rich regions as well
as different growth trends and labour market conditions are still marked by the dualism between city and countryside.
The authors would like to thank Elena Tcharykova for her excellent research assistance. 相似文献
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In Europe, economic activity is concentrated more and more in the major urban centres. At the same time, these cities are
in a competition with one another. Across Europe they are contending for investors and qualified workers and searching for
the most successful path to a dynamic economic future. Which cities in Europe have made the greatest economic progress in
the past? What are the factors that have made some cities more successful than others? And what action can cities take to
achieve greater economic growth in the future? 相似文献
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Stephanie Jasmand Department European Integration Hamburg Institute of International Economics . Silvia Stiller Department European Integration Hamburg Institute of International Economics . 《Intereconomics》2005,40(5):298-304
In the course of the economic catching-up process of the new EU states, the capital cities of the countries in central and
eastern Europe were the economically most successful regions in their countries. How distinct are economic disparities between
the capitals and the rest of the countries today? What were the determinants of the related economic developments? And do
current economic trends support the leading position of the capital cities in the new member states?
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Auch wenn die Globalisierung gegenw?rtig aufgrund der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise an Dynamik verloren hat, wird sie die weltweite
wirtschaftliche Entwicklung zukünftig weiterhin ma?geblich pr?gen. Mittel- bis langfristig wird die Internationalisierung
der Wirtschaftsbeziehungen über den Handel und den Kapitalverkehr weiter voranschreiten und die Nachfrage nach Produkten des
Verarbeitenden Gewerbes weltweit wieder expandieren. Hiervon k?nnen Industriestandorte in Deutschland profitieren, wenn ihnen
der Strukturwandel gelingt. Dieser wird getragen von dem zunehmenden Gewicht forschungs- und wissensintensiver Branchen sowie
von technologischen Ver?nderungen. 相似文献
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Suitable pricing models for Internet services represent one of the main prerequisites for a successfully running implementation of a charging and accounting system. This paper introduces general aspects influencing the choice of a pricing model in practical situations and presents a survey as well as a classification of relevant and advanced approaches to be found in the scientific literature. First performance results on charging extensions within the Internet are presented, which are completed by a set of market price simulations for dynamic pricing models within the same implementation environment. Based on cost model investigations some detailed insights into price and cost issues from an Internet Service Provider's (ISP) point of view are given. Moreover, current challenges as well as problems are discussed in a practical context as investigated in the Swiss National Science Foundation project Charging and Accounting Technology for the Internet (CATI). 相似文献
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