人民币升值后，我国银行业如何应对

人民币升值的真正含义 7月21日，中国人民银行正式宣布了人民币汇率制度改革的消息。顷刻间，市场舆论对此消息做了最有价值的简化，即“人民币升值了”，实际上，这种说法只是过度强调了改革的其中一项，也是最表面的一项。     

论马克思"跨越卡夫丁峡谷"思想的中国化

马克思关于“跨越资本主义制度卡夫丁峡谷”思想对东方落后国家在一定的社会历史条件下“跨越资本主义制度卡夫丁峡谷”而进入社会主义具有重要的理论指导意义。列宁把这个理论与俄国具体实际相结合使之俄国化；中共三代领导集体把这个理论与中国具体实际相结合使之中国化，并使“跨越资本主义制度卡夫丁峡谷”在中国由可能一步步走向现实。     

Private borrowing during the financial revolution: Hoare's Bank and its customers, 1702–241

The financial revolution improved the British government's ability to borrow, and thus its ability to wage war. North and Weingast argued that it also permitted private parties to borrow more cheaply and widely. We test these inferences with evidence from a London bank. We confirm that private bank credit was cheap in the early eighteenth century, but we argue that it was not available widely. Importantly, the government reduced the usury rate in 1714, sharply reducing the circle of private clients that could be served profitably.     

Hedging,Financing and Investment Decisions: A Simultaneous Equations Framework

We empirically investigate the interactions among hedging, financing, and investment decisions. We argue that the way in which hedging affects a firm's financing and investing decisions differs for firms with different growth opportunities. We find that high growth firms increase their investment, but not leverage, by hedging. However, we also find that firms with few investment opportunities use derivatives to increase their leverage.     

现代企业制度下的内部控制机制研究

内部控制是企业为了提高会计信息质量，保护资产的安全和完整，确保有关的法律法规和规章制度的贯彻执行而制定和实施的一个控制系统。本文从我国企业内部控制中存在的问题，针对这些问题提出了相应的对策。     

Through Trial and Error to Collusion*

In this article we study a very simple trial and error learning process in the context of a Cournot oligopoly. Without any knowledge of the payoff functions players increase, respectively decrease, their quantity as long as this leads to higher profits. We show that despite the absence of any coordination or punishing device this process converges to the joint‐profit‐maximizing outcome.     

论我国农业区域结构调整

我国农业区域结构中存在结构趋同，比较优势不能发挥，资源环境破坏严重等问题，产生这些问题的主要原因是市场经济不发达，宏观调控体系不健全等。这对全国农业统一大市场的形成，对建立社会主义市场体系是极炒利的。我们必须对我国农业区域结构进行合理调整。     

A theoretical framework to evaluate different margin‐setting methodologies

The margin system is the first line of defense against the default risk of a clearinghouse. From the perspectives of a clearinghouse, the utmost concern is to have a prudential system to control the default exposure. Once the level of prudentiality is set, the next concern will be the opportunity cost of the investors, because high opportunity cost discourages people from hedging futures, and thus defeats the function of a futures market. In this article, we first develop different measures of prudentiality and opportunity cost. We then formulate a statistical framework to evaluate different margin‐setting methodologies, all of which strike a balance between prudentiality and opportunity cost. Three margin‐setting methodologies, namely, (1) using simple moving averages; (2) using exponentially weighted moving averages; (3) using a GARCH approach, are applied to the Hang Seng Index futures. Keeping the same prudentiality level, it is shown that the one using a GARCH approach by and large gives the lowest average overcharge. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:117–145, 2004     

The index futures markets: Is screen trading more efficient?

This article uses a nonparametric test based on the arc‐sine law (see, e.g., Feller, 1965 ), which involves comparing the theoretical distribution implied by an intraday random walk with the empirical frequency distribution of the daily high/low times, in order to address the question of whether the abandonment of pit trading has been associated with greater market efficiency. If market inefficiencies result from flaws in the market microstructure of pit trading, they ought to have been eliminated by the introduction of screen trading. If, on the other hand, the inefficiencies are a reflection of investor psychology, they are likely to have survived, unaffected by the changeover. We focus here on four cases. Both the FTSE‐100 and CAC‐40 index futures contracts were originally traded by open outcry and have moved over to electronic trading in recent years, so that we are able to compare pricing behavior before and after the changeover. The equivalent contracts in Germany and Korea, on the other hand, have been traded electronically ever since their inception. Our results overwhelmingly reject the random‐walk hypothesis both for open‐outcry and electronic‐trading data sets, suggesting there has been no increase in efficiency as a result of the introduction of screen trading. One possible explanation consistent with our results would be that the index futures market is characterized by intraday overreaction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:337–357, 2004