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排序方式: 共有399条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
In 1986 The O.M. Scott & Sons Company, the largest producer of lawn care products in the U.S., was sold by the ITT Corporation in a divisional leveraged buyout. The company was founded in Marysville, Ohio in 1870 by Orlando McLean Scott to sell farm crop seed. In 1900, the company began to sell weedfree lawn seed through the mail. In the 1920s, the company introduced the first home lawn fertilizer, the first lawn spreader, and the first patented bluegrass seed. Today, Scott is the acknowledged leader in the “do-it-yourself” lawn care market, with sales of over $300 million and over 1500 employees. Scott remained closely held until 1971, when it was purchased by ITT. The company then became a part of the consumer products division of the huge conglomerate, and operated as a wholly-owned subsidiary for 14 years. In 1984, prompted by a decline in financial performance and rumors of takeover and liquidation, ITT began a series of divestitures. Over the next two years, total divestitures exceeded $2 billion and, after years of substandard performance, ITT's stock price significantly outperformed the market. On November 26, 1986, in the midst of this divestiture activity, ITT announced that the managers of Scott, along with Clayton & Dubilier (C & D), a private firm specializing in leveraged buyouts, had agreed to purchase the stock of Scott and another ITT subsidiary, the W. Atlee Burpee Company. The deal closed on December 30. Clayton & Dubilier raised roughly $211 million to finance the purchase of the two companies. Of that $211 million, almost $191 milion, or 91% of the total, was debt: bank loans, subordinated notes, and subordinated debentures. The $20 million of new equity was distributed as follows: roughly 62% of the shares were held by a C & D partnership, 21% by Scott's new subordinated debtholders, and 17.5% by Scott management and employees. After this radical change in financial structure and concentration of equity ownership, Scott's operating performance improved dramatically. Between the end of December 1986 and the end of September 1988, sales were up 25% and earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) increased by 56%. As shown in Table 1, this increase in operating earnings was not achieved by cutting back on marketing and distribution or R & D. In fact, spending on marketing and distribution increased by 21% and R & D spending went up by 7%. Capital spending also increased by 23%. 相似文献
3.
Production restructuring in the textiles and clothing industries 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Peter Baker 《New Technology, Work and Employment》1993,8(1):43-55
This article analyses the processes of restructuring in the textiles and clothing industries in a locality. Particular attention here is focused on new technology, labour flexibility, sub-contracting patterns and skill factors. The extent to which the process of restructuring involves a conscious and deliberate move to new patterns of work organization is considered. 相似文献
4.
This study examines effects of four combinations of accounting bases and service levels — GAAP and income tax bases, and audit and review service levels — on loan officers' decisions, both separately and in interaction. It examines effects on loan decisions and perceptions of interest rates, default risk, confidence, and usefulness. The interaction of accounting basis and service level significantly affects perceived confidence but does not affect other decisions. Accounting basis and service level separately affect interest rates, default risk, and report usefulness, but do not affect the loan decision. 相似文献
5.
William E. Baker 《心理学和销售学》2003,20(12):1119-1135
This article introduces and explores the concept of brand name imprinting. Brand name imprinting is the process of creating and strengthening the brand name node in the brand memory network through brand name exposure. Brand name imprinting at a time prior to the presentation of specific brand information is posited to improve the retention of that information by strengthening the association between the brand name and brand information. The effect is proposed to be automatic and independent of other known means to strengthen memory associations (e.g., level of attention, cognitive elaboration, stimuli vividness, and stimuli distinctiveness). This research also proposes that brand names with neutral meaning better facilitate the imprinting effect, because they do not carry perceptual baggage that can interfere with the creation of new brand name–information associations. An experiment involving brand name imprinting and the learning of brand information supports these assertions. Implications for communication strategy and brand name selection are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
6.
The influence of store environment on quality inferences and store image 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Julie Baker Dhruv Grewal A. Parasuraman 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1994,22(4):328-339
The study reported here examines how combinations of specific elements in the retail store environment influence consumers’
inferences about merchandise and service quality and discusses the extent to which these inferences mediate the influence
of the store environment on store image. Results show that ambient and social elements in the store environment provide cues
that consumers use for their quality inferences. In addition, store environment, merchandise quality, and service quality
were posited to be antecedents of store image—with the latter two serving as mediators—rather than components of store image
(as they are typically treated in the store image literature). Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are
discussed, and future research directions are proposed.
She received her Ph.D. from Texas A&M University. Her areas of interest include store environment, consumer behavior, and
product/service quality. She has published articles in theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing and theJournal of Retailing.
He received his Ph.D. from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. His areas of interest include pricing, consumer
behavior, product/service quality, and customer satisfaction. He has published articles in a number of journals, including
theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Public
Policy and Marketing, andJournal of Retailing.
He received his D.B.A. from Indiana University in 1975. His research interests focus on the measurement and improvement of
service quality and on services marketing strategy. He is the recipient of several teaching and research awards. In 1988,
he was selected as one of the ten most influential figures in quality by the editorial board ofThe Quality Review. His articles have appeared in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Services Marketing, andBusiness Horizons, among other publications. He is the author ofMarketing Research, a college textbook, as well as coauthor ofMarketing Services: Competing through Quality andDelivering Quality Service: Balancing Customer Perceptions and Expectations. He is also an active consultant to a number of major corporations. 相似文献
7.
The effects of the service environment on affect and consumer perception of waiting time: An integrative review and research propositions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The management of buyers’ perceptions of waiting time by service businesses may be critical to customer satisfaction. Although
reducing actual waiting time is important, what managers view as a short time to wait may feel too long to customers. Relevant
literature from architecture, environmental psychology, psychology, physiology, operations management, sociology, and marketing
is integrated to build a conceptual model of how the service environment may influence affect and, in turn, waiting time perception.
Based on this model, propositions about how specific service environment elements (e.g., lighting, color, temperature) may
influence affect and time perception are presented. Finally, a research agenda and implications for service facility design
are proposed.
She received her Ph.D. from Texas A&M University. Her areas of interest include the retail/service environment, internal marketing,
and service quality. She has published articles in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Retailing, andInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, among others.
She received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Arlington. She formerly was in sales and marketing planning at IBM,
where she was involved in bringing numerous products to market. 相似文献
8.
A framework for market-based organizational learning: Linking values, knowledge, and behavior 总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32
James M. Sinkula William E. Baker Thomas Noordewier 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1997,25(4):305-318
The authors review the concept of organizational learning and present a broad conceptual framework for its modeling. Within
this framework, one specific process for market-based organizational learning is postulated. An empirical test of this model
leads the authors to conclude that a more positive learning orientation (a value-based construct) will directly result in
increased market information generation and dissemination (knowledge-based constructs), which, in turn, directly affects the
degree to which an organization makes changes in its marketing strategies (a behavioral construct). Managerial implications
are discussed.
His research interests lie primarily in the areas of organizational information use and market-based organizational learning.
His work has been published in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Advertising Research, Journal of Business Research, andJournal of Marketing.
His research interests include both individual and organizational learning. He has published in the areas of consumer decision
making, advertising effectiveness, and market-based organizational learning.
His research interests include organizational marketing and marketing channels. His work has been published in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Journal of Business Logistics, Journal of Purchasing and
Materials Management, andJournal of Health Care Marketing. 相似文献
9.
We survey 309 sample firms exhibiting behavior consistent with a residual dividend policy and their matched counterparts to learn how they set their dividend policies. The findings reveal that the sample firms are more likely than their counterparts to maintain a long-term dividend payout ratio, use long-run earnings forecasts in setting the dividend, and be unconcerned about the cost of raising external funds. Yet, firms behaving as though they follow a residual dividend policy generally do not profess to follow the policy. At best, the sample firms follow a “modified” residual policy in which they carefully manage their payout ratio and dividend trend. Although it may not be an explicit goal of such a dividend policy, consistently low free cash flow typically results. 相似文献
10.
Market Orientation and the New Product Paradox 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The extant literature shows that the strength of the market orientation–performance relationship decays as the terminal measure of performance shifts from new product success to profitability to market share. As Day (1999) concluded, a broader nomological inquiry is needed to more fully understand the nature and limits of market orientation's effects. This suggests that a broader nomological inquiry is needed to fully understand the nature and limits of market orientation's effects.
Utilizing a national sample of marketing executives, the present study's purpose is to build a fuller understanding of the effects of market orientation on firm performance. Its structural equations model includes measures of new product success, profitability, and market share.
The research reinforces a strong positive relationship between market orientation and new product success. The expanded nomological network under study, however, implies barriers to market orientation's effectiveness. First, market-orientation-inspired increases in the priority firms place on "breakthrough" learning without commensurate increases in the priority placed on "breakthrough" innovation capabilities can boomerang and negatively impact new product success. Second, market-orientation-inspired new product development programs that are unable to increase market share can negatively impact profitability. These gatekeepers to the success of market orientation underscore the need for firms to coordinate a strong market orientation with resources and capabilities that increase the effectiveness of the marketing function. Without such coordination, the positive effect of market orientation on new product success may be limited to incremental innovations, and the overall effect of successful new products on profitability may be limited. 相似文献
Utilizing a national sample of marketing executives, the present study's purpose is to build a fuller understanding of the effects of market orientation on firm performance. Its structural equations model includes measures of new product success, profitability, and market share.
The research reinforces a strong positive relationship between market orientation and new product success. The expanded nomological network under study, however, implies barriers to market orientation's effectiveness. First, market-orientation-inspired increases in the priority firms place on "breakthrough" learning without commensurate increases in the priority placed on "breakthrough" innovation capabilities can boomerang and negatively impact new product success. Second, market-orientation-inspired new product development programs that are unable to increase market share can negatively impact profitability. These gatekeepers to the success of market orientation underscore the need for firms to coordinate a strong market orientation with resources and capabilities that increase the effectiveness of the marketing function. Without such coordination, the positive effect of market orientation on new product success may be limited to incremental innovations, and the overall effect of successful new products on profitability may be limited. 相似文献