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排序方式: 共有106条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
This paper analyzes the issue costs and initial pricing of bonds in the international market. In particular, we investigate the determinants of three components of issue costs: underwriter fee, underwriter spread (the difference between the offering price and the guaranteed price to the issuer), and underpricing (the difference between the market price and the offering price). Total underwriter compensation increases with the bonds' credit risk and maturity, but it is insignificantly related to issue size. Interestingly, underwriters appear to price some issue characteristics directly (by adjusting the fee) and other characteristics indirectly (by setting the guaranteed price). The two compensation components (fee and spread) are negatively related to each other. We provide evidence that this trade-off is consistent with income tax considerations, as well as with two-tier pricing by underwriters. We find no evidence of underpricing. 相似文献
2.
Rudi Hessel Jolanda van den Berg Oumar Kabor Arie van Kekem Simone Verzandvoort Jean-Marie Dipama Binta Diallo 《Land use policy》2009,26(4):1162-1172
Sustainable land use planning is crucial for realizing the aim of food security and for combating land degradation in the Sahel. A participatory land use planning workshop was organised in a village in the eastern region of Burkina Faso to investigate land use problems, their causes, effects and possible solutions. Participatory research tools and GIS were combined to get insight into possible conflicts or synergies between different land use options as mapped by different ethnic groups. Pictograms were used to locate alternative land use options on the map, after which they were digitised for analysis with GIS. The workshop confirms the importance of integrating scientific and local knowledge to develop concrete options for sustainable land use that fit to local realities and aspirations. Local people are knowledgeable about the driving forces behind land degradation, they take actions to combat the effects of degradation, and they have concrete ideas about alternative land use options. The use of GIS proved its added value in the participatory process of integrated land use planning. The maps that were produced also facilitate discussions between community members, researchers and government representatives at the regional level, both regarding current land use problems and regarding alternative options as perceived by the local population. 相似文献
3.
J. Jasper Deuten Arie Rip Jaap Jelsma 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2013,25(2):131-148
Societal embedding of new products – that is, their integration in relevant industries and markets, their admissibility with regard to regulation and standards, and their acceptance by the public – is a challenge. A management approach is developed based on our case studies in the biotechnology sector and on recent innovation literature. Tools are presented to map internal and external alignments. Learning processes, in interaction with societal actors, overcome the dilemmas or at least make them manageable. 相似文献
4.
In this introductory paper, we first discuss the emergence of global sourcing of business services and how these have been largely ignored in the IB field. Offshoring of business services has reached substantial proportions. Despite the radical growth, IB research on global sourcing is still in its infancy. Offshoring of business services represents a new type of internationalization. The offshoring of high-value services confronts companies with many of the challenges that are typical of an internationalization process in which well-known models and concepts of internationalization are applicable but also leave important unanswered questions requiring reconsideration and revision of these theoretical positions. Offshoring of business services is fundamentally different from outsourcing offshore of manufacturing activities. Using data from the Offshore Research Network (ORN), we track patterns of the emergence and diffusion of global sourcing of business services. On the basis of these new insights, we make a plea for a more encompassing, co-evolutionary perspective of global sourcing stressing the interactions between managerial intentionality, path-dependent experience and knowledge accumulation, as well as the institutional and selection forces. In particular, we develop a co-evolutionary offshore decision model integrating managerial intentionality, knowledge/experience and institutional and selection forces that explain the heterogeneous outcomes of offshoring. Although emergent outcomes of co-evolutionary dynamics are highly idiosyncratic, we identify in this paper some underlying mechanism that drive specific global sourcing patterns. Finally, we position the papers of this special issue in this co-evolutionary model. 相似文献
5.
Thomas Hutzschenreuter Arie Y. Lewin Stephan Dresel 《International Business Review》2011,20(3):291-313
A new field of research centered on the offshoring of white-collar tasks is opening. We analyze the choice of governance mode for international offshoring activities based on a four-fold framework that integrates multiple theoretical perspectives. Firms choose between an internal or external mode based on their institutional environment, the offshoring behavior of similar firms in their reference group, firm-specific characteristics and objectives, and the particular setting of specific implementations. We test our relationships using detailed data on offshoring activities of US and German firms. Based on the outcomes we conclude that each dimension of the chosen framework is needed to explain the governance mode decisions of firms and this overarching framework may also be applicable to other topics in internationalization research. 相似文献
6.
Arie M. Kacowicz 《Geopolitics》2013,18(1):81-100
This paper surveys the impact of geopolitical thinking as applied to issues of territory in Latin America, with special emphasis upon its Southern Cone. The relevance of geopolitics is examined as an ideological doctrine and as a normative framework to understand territorial changes, territorial conflicts that have not escalated into fully‐fledged wars, and rare cases of actual wars fought in the twentieth century in South America. I question the changing meaning of geopolitical doctrines following the ‘third wave’ of democratization in Latin America by suggesting more ‘positive’ avenues for the former pernicious “implications of geopolitical doctrines, including economic development and regional integration. Finally, I juxtapose ‘conventional’ geopolitics with more recent ideas of ‘critical’ geopolitics and its potential implementation in the region. 相似文献
7.
Irina Bezlepkina Arie Oskam Alfons Oude Lansink Ruud Huirne 《Post - Communist Economies》2013,25(4):439-457
This article presents an overview of the development of Russian agricultural enterprises in 1990–2001. The multi‐layered structure of agriculture represented by different categories of non‐commercial and commercial producers requires a clear distinction of policies with respect to their targets and end results. The agricultural enterprises maintained their leading role in marketed agricultural production and represent the main focus group among the agricultural producers for policy makers. The article reviews organisational and structural changes to these enterprises in the period studied, and their economic and financial performance. It also examines current policies for resolving the problems in agriculture. 相似文献
8.
Strategy researchers have argued that heterogeneity in firms' practices and profitability within and across industries may derive from industry‐level differences in the extent of interdependencies among firms' activities. Theoretical models have clarified how and why differences in the extent of the interdependencies faced by firms across industries may affect the distributions of firm profits, but the specific predictions from these models have not been empirically tested. In this paper, we present what we believe is the first large scale empirical analysis linking differences in the extent of interdependencies across industries to differences in the distribution of firm profits within and across those industries. We use survey data to measure interdependencies systematically across a wide number of industries, thus addressing the primary obstacle to incorporating interdependencies in larger scale empirical work, and find evidence consistent with the theoretical predictions: average profitability is highest in industries with moderate levels of interdependency; the dispersion of profits among firms is higher in industries with more extensive interdependencies; and industries with more extensive interdependencies have a more positively skewed performance distribution. We find that the effect of interdependencies on average industry profitability is similar in scale to the effect of patent protection and industry growth rates, placing interdependency squarely among the strategy field's central concepts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
New Compensation Standard for Land Expropriation in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiuqing Zou Arie J. Oskam 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2007,15(5):107-120
This paper explores a new compensation standard for use in agricultural land conversion in China during the land‐expropriation process, based on the market value definition. Assuming identical bargaining power between the buyer and the seller, efficient and equitable compensation is obtained through a market transaction and bargaining negotiation mechanism, under the assumpation of a perfect market. From the state‐of‐the‐art viewpoint of land appraising, a practical approximation of the theoretical optimal compensation will provide an effective solution for China, under the current collective‐owned land property rights structure. 相似文献
10.
Drawing on the goal theory to effectiveness, the current research study attempts to identify performance measures of small ventures by focusing on the tourism industry and by doing so develops a conceptual model of small-venture performance in a service industry within its unique conditions. After reviewing theory and research on small venture performance measures in general and in service industries in particular, we propose that performance measures of small tourism ventures constitute a combination of short- and long-term measures. Furthermore, both types of measures include both objective and subjective dimensions. The findings, based on a cluster sample of 305 small tourism venture owner–managers that were interviewed face to face, generally supported the research proposition. The study emphasizes the importance of mapping the venture's achievements, allocating resources, and developing managerial skills to improve its performance and ability to survive in the long run. 相似文献