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1.
A market for medical care is characterized by uncertain, but inelastic demand and a ‘soft budget constraint’. We assume that in such a market, government decides on giving licenses to different private institutions to provide medical service. In this paper we present an argument as to why competition has a negative effect on social welfare and therefore government should only provide one license. We also explain why in such a market the profit-maximizing institutions install too high a capacity in comparison to a social optimum. 相似文献
2.
The economic effects of federalism are unclear: some papers find that federalism has strong positive effects on a number of
economically relevant variables, others find negative effects. The results often crucially hinge on the proxies for federalism
used. In this paper, we critically survey the existing indicators for both federalism and fiscal decentralization. We argue
that federalism is a constitutional institution, whereas decentralization is the outcome of a policy choice, and that the
two ought to be systematically distinguished because decentralization can also occur in nonfederally structured states. We
further argue that institutional details are very important with regard to federalism and that dummy variables usually capture
only very specific aspects of these institutional details. We use factor analysis to test whether the latent variables behind
the observed indicators support these assumptions. More than two important factors are derived, implying that a more fine-grained
differentiation beyond simply “‘federalism” and “decentralization” might be in order. The correlations of the most important
proxies for various aspects of federalism and decentralization with a number of quasi-exogenous variables, as well as with
institutional variables, are usually rather modest. 相似文献
3.
《WTO经济导刊》编辑部 《WTO经济导刊》2011,(8):77
第四届中欧企业社会责任圆桌会议提供了一个很好的机会,让大家可以讨论中国企业社会责任方面的重要议题。除了我们在这次会议讨论的主题,我想要强调,这个会议本身就是讨论中国快速发展的企业社会责任历程中重要的组成部分。这个以企业社会责任为主题的圆桌会议早于2007年之前已经开始召开了,在过去几年中相继举办。 相似文献
4.
5.
Detlef Lorenz 《Intereconomics》1985,20(3):122-129
The orthodox theory of foreign trade, which is simply a theory of re-allocation, can scarcely do justice to the issues that arise in the context of North-South relations. Its isolation from the problems of world and regional economic development, different trade flows and the transfer of production factors reduces its relevance to employment. 相似文献
6.
There is a growing awareness in many EU member states that business taxation solely on the basis of “taxable profits” enables,
in particular, multinational companies to avoid paying taxes, with negative consequences both for tax revenue and—in the longer
run—also for the stability of the economy. The following article proposes the taxation of all compensation of capital—not
only profit for equity, but also interest for outside capital and licence fees for outside rights—at the site of production. 相似文献
7.
Dr. Johannes Hoffmann ist Referent in der Abteilung Konjunktur und Wachstum der Deutschen Bundesbank; Hans-Albert Leifer Dipl.-?konom ist Leiter der Abteilung Allgemeine Wirtschaftsstatistik Kapitalmarktstatistik Jahresabschlussdatenpool
der Deutschen Bundesbank und Andreas Lorenz Dipl.-Volkswirt ist dort Mitarbeiter. 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2005,85(11):706-714
Nach der Euro-Umstellung Anfang 2002 entwickelte sich das Preisempfinden deutlich anders als der gemessene Verbraucherpreisindex.
Inwieweit wird auch heute noch die Preisentwicklung von den Konsumenten übersch?tzt? Wie zuverl?ssig misst der von Hans Wolfgang
Brachinger entwickelte „Index der wahrgenommenen Inflation“ dieses Ph?nomen? Zu welchen Ergebnissen kommen die von der EU-Kommission
beauftragten Verbraucherumfragen?
Die Verfasser geben ihre pers?nliche Auffassung wieder, die nicht unbedingt mit derjenigen der Deutschen Bundesbank übereinstimmen
muss. 相似文献
8.
9.
Detlef Lorenz 《Intereconomics》1991,26(1):3-10
The distinct trends towards regionalisation in the world economy that could be observed in recent years should not be interpreted merely as the formation of economic blocs or “fortresses”. This would amount to adopting a biased, backward-looking approach that sees only the sombre experiences of the thirties and forties and does not take sufficient account of the different challenges of the post-war period. 相似文献
10.
Sibe Doosje J. A. Landsheer Martijn P. M. de Goede Lorenz J. P. van Doornen 《Quality and Quantity》2012,46(1):267-279
The focus of this study is on the fit between the item content of scales measuring humorous coping and basic concepts of stress
and coping theory. To investigate this fit 81 items from seven currently available humorous coping scales have been subjected
to a facet analysis, using the tool of a mapping sentence. Three facets derived from stress and coping theory were part of
this mapping sentence: external demands, humorous responses and coping aims. Because of the claim that humorous coping may
be related to physical health dimensions, special attention has been paid to two health-related coping aims: cognitive reappraisal
and response-focused coping responses. Five raters categorized the facets and their respective categories. Some humorous coping
scales showed an underrepresentation of “external demands” and “humorous responses” and only a few scales covered the “aims”
facet adequately. Reliability and agreement parameters varied considerably among scales, both on facet level and on category
level. The Waterloo University Humor Inventory (WUHI) was a positive exception to this pattern. Findings are discussed in
the light of specific characteristics of the scales included. Possible improvements of humorous coping measurement in health-related
research are proposed, as well as adaptations to the rating procedures. 相似文献