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Jamie Bologna Pavlik Estefania Lujan Padilla Benjamin Powell 《Southern economic journal》2019,85(4):1243-1261
Do immigrants undermine culture in a way that destroys productivity in destination countries? Some scholars have argued that because immigrants come from countries with dysfunctional social capital—norms and institutions—they will import it and pollute the social capital in destination countries. One potential channel through which this could occur is corruption. We examine stocks and flows of immigrants over a 20‐year time period to see if corruption increased in destination countries. We generally find that immigration is not associated with increases in corruption. Additionally, we find that immigration tends to decrease corruption in destination countries with low levels of corruption or high levels of economic freedom. 相似文献
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If banks have an informational monopoly about their clients,borrowers may curtail their effort level for fear of being exploitedvia high interest rates in the future. Banks can correct thisincentive problem by committing to share private informationwith other lenders. The fiercer competition triggered by informationsharing lowers future interest rates and future profits of banks.But, provided banks retain an initial informational advantage,their current profits are raised by the borrowers' higher effort.This trade-off determines the banks' willingness to share information.Their decision affects credit market competition, interest rates,volume of lending, and social welfare. 相似文献
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We analyse the degree of polarisation in the international distribution of CO2 emissions per capita in the European Union. It is analytically relevant to examine the degree of instability inherent to a distribution and, in the analysed case, the likelihood that the distribution and its evolution will increase or decrease the chances of reaching an agreement on climate policy. Two approaches were used to measure polarisation: the endogenous approach, in which countries are grouped according to their similarity in terms of emissions, and the exogenous approach, in which countries are grouped geographically. Our findings indicate a clear decrease in polarisation since the mid-1990s, which can essentially be explained by the fact that the different groups have converged (i.e. antagonism among the CO2 emitters has decreased) as the contribution of energy intensity to between-group differences has decreased. This lower degree of polarisation in CO2 distribution suggests a situation more conducive to the possibility of reaching EU-wide agreements on the mitigation of CO2 emissions. 相似文献
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Promotion and Fast Food Demand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Many believe that fast food promotion is a significant cause of the obesity epidemic in North America. Industry members argue that promotion only reallocates brand shares and does not increase overall demand. We study the effect of fast food promotion on market share and total demand by estimating a discrete / continuous model of fast food restaurant choice and food expenditure that explicitly accounts for both spatial and temporal determinants of demand. Estimates are obtained using a unique panel of Canadian fast food consumers. The results show that promotion primarily increases demand and has a smaller effect on restaurant market shares. 相似文献
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The Tourism Penetration Index (TPI) (McElroy & de Albuquerque, 1998) provides an overall measure of economic, social and environmental impact in small islands. Thus far it has not been used to gauge tourism’s spatial concentration in different regions within a given destination. This study develops a TPI for four regions in the Dominican Republic (DR), and these regional scores are compared with a sample of 42 small islands. Results place Punta Cana in the east among the most penetrated islands/ regions, Puerto Plata/Samana in the north among the intermediate, and La Romana/San Pedro and Santo Domingo in the south among the least developed. Results are also compared with surveys on visitor satisfaction, perceptions of safety, and propensity to return. Planning and research implications are discussed. 相似文献
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Preservation or Conversion? Valuation and Evaluation of a Mangrove forest in the Philippines 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Mangrove ecosystems are rapidly declining in many parts of the world. This has resulted in the loss of important environmental and economic products and services including forest products, flood mitigation and nursery grounds for fish. The aquaculture industry was the single biggest threat to mangroves in the Philippines until 1981 when conversion of the remaining mangrove stands was prohibited by law. However, the decreasing yield from capture fisheries is putting pressure for the re-examination of this policy. To understand the importance of mangroves, insight is needed into the value of products and services provided is needed. This article compares the costs and benefits of mangrove preservation with those generated by alternative uses such as aquaculture and forestry. Equity and sustainability objectives are taken into account, in addition to economic efficiency and analyzed according to the perspectives of the different types of decision makers involved. 相似文献
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Conclusion The insider trading debate traditionally discusses the pros and cons of insider trading and draws a conclusion about the desirability
or undesirability of public regulation of insider trading. One of the most important arguments against insider trading is
that it generates agency problems that shareholders cannot resolve and that, therefore, insider trading should be publicly
regulated. We have challenged this argument for failing to engage in comparative institutional analysis. We argued that when
the negative aspects of insider trading, namely, the agency problems that it may create, are considered, it is necessary to
engage in comparative institutional analysis and how these problems can be resolved under two different economic systems:
the market economy and interventionism.
We have been led to the conclusion that under a market economy, shareholders do have mechanisms to protect themselves against
agency problems generated by insider trading and that these problems are reduced to a minimum. We have shown that interventionism
hampers the functioning and reduces the disciplinary role of such mechanisms. Therefore, insiders have indeed more latitude
to engage in these discretionary behaviors, pointed out by the supporters of the insider-trading-as-an-agency-problem argument,
that harm shareholders. Finally, we have shown that the failures of government regulation reinforce this tendency of insiders’
behavior.
We conclude that we cannot justify a public regulation of insider trading based on the insider-trading-as-agency-problem argument. 相似文献
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Padilla O 《Employee benefits journal》1995,20(1):17-19
Employee communication and medical management are two vital components of an effective health care delivery system. They must work together to support appropriate, cost-effective care and the efficient consumption of resources. 相似文献