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Gary V. Engelhardt Michael D. Eriksen Nadia Greenhalgh‐Stanley 《Real Estate Economics》2019,47(4):1055-1088
We examine the extent to which parents use housing and shared living arrangements as a form of risk‐sharing for their adult children, using detailed data on children and parents in the Health and Retirement Study for 1998–2012. On average, a young man moving from full‐time to nonemployment raises the likelihood of coresiding with a parent by 1.5 percentage points; moving from full‐time employment to being part‐time employed raises the likelihood of coresiding with a parent by 2 percentage points. The implied elasticity of parental coresidence with respect to the son's income is ‐1.1; for daughters, the elasticity is ‐0.5. 相似文献
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The value of intellectual property rights to firms and society 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Economists view intellectual property rights (IPRs) as policytools for encouraging innovation, but they recognize that theycan also inhibit competition. There are many types of IPRs andinstitutions concerned with their administration. We begin byoutlining how these complex and varied rights are supposed towork and how they interact with other characteristics of firmsand markets. We then survey the available literature on patents,trade marks, and copyright to assess the value of these IPRsto firms and the costs to firms of acquiring and defending theirrights. The paper concludes with suggestions for topics requiringfurther research to inform public policy better. 相似文献
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Trade Marks and Performance in Services and Manufacturing Firms: Evidence of Schumpeterian Competition through Innovation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We develop Lancaster's model of consumer behaviour under product differentiation to analyse Schumpeterian creative destruction. Launching new products with novel characteristics enables firms to temporarily steal market share from rivals. Product launch is monitored by using trade marks, patents and research and development. The dataset covers a large sample of UK service and manufacturing firms. We find that stock market value is positively associated with own trade mark activity and trade mark‐active firms achieve significantly higher value‐added. Greater trade mark activity by competitors reduces net output of firms, but raises their stock market value. This is consistent with the Schumpeterian process of competition through innovation. 相似文献
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Philipp Schautschick Christine Greenhalgh 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2016,25(4):358-390
This paper surveys empirical studies employing trade mark data that exist in the economic literature to date. In the introductory section we summarise the theory of trade marks. Section 2 documents the use of trade marks by firms of different size and industry and by firms in several advanced countries, including Australia, the UK, and the USA. Section 3 reviews various attempts to gauge the function of a trade mark as an indicator of innovation and product differentiation. Section 4 surveys studies that have demonstrated firms' incentives to use trade marks, including transferring information to consumers, realising synergies between different types of intellectual property rights, strategies to raise rivals' costs and using trade mark portfolios as debt collateral. In Section 5, we provide an overview of the importance of trade-mark-use for firm survival and the association of trade marks with several dimensions of firm performance, including productivity and their ability to generate well-paid jobs. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Using evidence from English and Scottish fire and rescue services from 2010 to 2016, this paper shows how divergent performance management regimes can affect public accountability. Performance management regimes enable agencies and the public to hold public sector organizations accountable by facilitating evaluation of their accomplishments. However, local as opposed to central, control over performance management can have quite different implications for public accountability. 相似文献
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Vocational training incidence for those at work is frequently financed partly or wholly by employers, who then lose part of their investment return if workers migrate to other firms. We investigate the incidence of training and the incidence of job-to-job mobility for a large sample of British workers in 1984 and 1989. We also analyse the role of sectoral technology characteristics in influencing patterns of both training and inter-firm mobility.
Our results demonstrate that job-to-job mobility is highest for the young and higher for those with formal educational qualifications than for the unskilled. These are also characteristics which engender a higher training propensity; so, unavoidably, private gains to training for employers are below social gains for these young people. Public-sector workers have high training rates but low mobility; this perhaps explains the lack of perception of the poaching problem by successive governments. Sectoral R&D activity is associated with more training and less mobility for men; in contrast, women are more likely to train and are less mobile if the rate of adoption of innovation is rapid. 相似文献
Our results demonstrate that job-to-job mobility is highest for the young and higher for those with formal educational qualifications than for the unskilled. These are also characteristics which engender a higher training propensity; so, unavoidably, private gains to training for employers are below social gains for these young people. Public-sector workers have high training rates but low mobility; this perhaps explains the lack of perception of the poaching problem by successive governments. Sectoral R&D activity is associated with more training and less mobility for men; in contrast, women are more likely to train and are less mobile if the rate of adoption of innovation is rapid. 相似文献
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