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1.
Among the economies with a Currency Board System (CBS), Hong Kong (HK) is probably the one with the largest and most developed financial sector, as well as the highest capital mobility. Hence, studying HK’s CBS is not only crucial to HK, but also important for the understanding of the modern CBS. This paper outlines the major monetary reforms in HK since the late 1980s. The impacts of these reforms and the 1997–1998 Asian Financial Crisis are then examined empirically. We focus on the differentials between the US and HK interbank interest rates. We assume the conditional-mean equation follows an autoregressive process and the conditional-variance equation follows a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity process. This model captures the time-varying level and volatility of the differential. In light of the empirical results we provide an assessment of the reforms in HK. 相似文献
2.
Summary. In this paper, we develop an endogenous growth model with market regulations on explicitly modeled financial intermediaries
to examine the effects of alternative government financing schemes on growth, inflation, and welfare. In the presence of binding
regulation, there is always a unique equilibrium. We perform four alternative policy experiments; a change in the seigniorage
tax rate, a change in the seigniorage tax base, a change in the income tax and a change in the fiscal-monetary policy mix.
We find that in the presence of binding legal reserve requirements, a marginal increase in government spending need not result
in a reduction in the rate of economic growth if it is financed with an increase in the seigniorage tax rate. Raising the
seigniorage tax base by means of an increase in the reserve requirement retards growth and it has an ambiguous effect on inflation.
An increase in income tax financed government spending also suppresses growth and raises inflation although not to the extent
that the required seigniorage tax rate alternative would. Switching from seigniorage to income taxation as a source of government
finance is growth reducing but deflationary. From a welfare perspective, the least distortionary way of financing an increase
in the government spending requirements is by means of a marginal increase in the seigniorage tax rate. Under the specification
of logarithmic preferences, the optimal tax structure is indeterminate.
Received: March 20, 2000; revised version: June 26, 2001 相似文献
3.
This paper presents hedging strategies for European and exotic options in a Lévy market. By applying Taylor’s theorem, dynamic hedging portfolios are constructed under different market assumptions, such as the existence of power jump assets or moment swaps. In the case of European options or baskets of European options, static hedging is implemented. It is shown that perfect hedging can be achieved. Delta and gamma hedging strategies are extended to higher moment hedging by investing in other traded derivatives depending on the same underlying asset. This development is of practical importance as such other derivatives might be readily available. Moment swaps or power jump assets are not typically liquidly traded. It is shown how minimal variance portfolios can be used to hedge the higher order terms in a Taylor expansion of the pricing function, investing only in a risk‐free bank account, the underlying asset, and potentially variance swaps. The numerical algorithms and performance of the hedging strategies are presented, showing the practical utility of the derived results. 相似文献
4.
The severity and complexity of the recent financial crisis has motivated the need for understanding the relationships between sovereign ratings and bank credit ratings. This is the first study to examine the impact of the “international” spillover of sovereign risk to bank credit risk through both a ratings channel and an asset holdings channel. In the first case, the downgrade of sovereign ratings in GIIPS (Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain) countries leads to rating downgrades of banks in the peripheral countries. The second channel indicates that larger asset holdings of GIIPS debt increases the credit risk of cross‐border banks, and hence, the probabilities of downgrade. 相似文献
5.
Nan Zhou Author Vitae Guijun Zhuang Author Vitae Leslie Sai-chung Yip Author Vitae 《Industrial Marketing Management》2007,36(3):309-321
Although many firms have adopted the relational exchange or relationship marketing philosophy for developing long-term inter-firm relationships in marketing channels, the issues pertaining to channel conflict still deserve further investigation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible impact of perceptual difference of dependence between members in channel dyads on perceived channel conflict. By analyzing paired data collected from both sides of supplier-retailer dyads in China, we test two hypotheses about perceptual difference of dependence and its impact on conflict. We found that there was considerable perceptual difference of dependence between both sides of the dyads, and that the perceptual difference of dependence asymmetry between the two was positively associated with channel conflict perceived by the supplier side. Both researchers and practitioners should be aware of such differences when confronted with channel conflict issues, especially in international channel settings. 相似文献
6.
We analyze the gains from trade for a small cash-in-advance economy with endogenous labor supply and learning-by-doing in
the accumulation of human capital. Contrary to previous findings, we show that free trade is not optimal independently of
the relative amount of cash required for the purchase of each good. Furthermore, a monetary rule à la Friedman can eliminate
distortions deriving from the cash-in-advance constraint only under segmented financial markets; in any case, it cannot restore
the economic optimum. Finally, we identify government intervention policies, such as wage and export subsidies, that can be
welfare improving. 相似文献
7.
George S. Yip 《Business Strategy Review》2000,11(4):1-14
This article examines the joint effects on business strategy of the Internet and globalization. It develops a framework for evaluating how the Internet affects the globalization potential of individual industries and the global strategies that companies should adopt. The impact of the Internet will not be uniform. Not only do its direct effects vary from one industry to another, but also it speeds up globalization at different rates in different industries. The article shows how to use the Internet to support five types of global strategy: market participation, products and services, activity location, marketing, and competitive moves. 相似文献
8.
China has recently unveiled an ambitious new health-care reform plan, entailing a doubling of government health spending as well as a number of concrete reforms. While the details of the plan have not yet been completely announced, we offer a preliminary assessment of how well the reform is likely to achieve its stated goal of assuring every citizen equal access to affordable basic health care. The reform is based on three fundamental tenets: strong role of government in health, commitment to equity, and willingness to experiment with regulated market approaches. Within this framework, the reform offers a number of laudable changes to the health system, including an increase in public health financing, an expansion of primary health facilities and an increase in subsidies to achieve universal insurance coverage. However, it fails to address the root causes of the wastes and inefficiencies plaguing China's health care system, such as a fragmented delivery system and provider incentives to over-provide expensive tests and services. We conclude that China should consider changing the provider payment method from fee-for-service to a prospective payment method such as DRG or capitation with pay-for-performance, and to develop purchasing agencies that represent the interests of the population so as to enhance competition. 相似文献
9.
10.
In this paper, we explore the possibility of having money as a source of indeterminacy in endogenous growth models. We adopt the simple Ak model of endogenous growth to be the main analytical vehicle whose balanced growth paths do not display local indeterminacy. Money is introduced via either a general cash-in-advance (CIA) constraint or a pecuniary transactions costs (PTC) technology. It is shown that local indeterminacy of the dynamics is due to the presence of an intertemporal substitution effect on capital accumulation that works against and dominates the conventional inflation effect of Tobin [1965, Money and economical growth. Econometrica 33(4), Part 2, 671]. If money is growth-rate superneutral, then the intertemporal substitution effect is absent so that local indeterminacy cannot occur. Finally, the strength of the intertemporal substitution effect depends positively on the intertemporal elasticity of substitution in consumption. 相似文献