全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16609篇 |
免费 | 527篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 3156篇 |
工业经济 | 1376篇 |
计划管理 | 2696篇 |
经济学 | 3579篇 |
综合类 | 211篇 |
运输经济 | 185篇 |
旅游经济 | 492篇 |
贸易经济 | 3000篇 |
农业经济 | 736篇 |
经济概况 | 1691篇 |
信息产业经济 | 1篇 |
邮电经济 | 14篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 97篇 |
2021年 | 115篇 |
2020年 | 226篇 |
2019年 | 321篇 |
2018年 | 391篇 |
2017年 | 414篇 |
2016年 | 390篇 |
2015年 | 260篇 |
2014年 | 408篇 |
2013年 | 1897篇 |
2012年 | 557篇 |
2011年 | 604篇 |
2010年 | 534篇 |
2009年 | 586篇 |
2008年 | 471篇 |
2007年 | 487篇 |
2006年 | 397篇 |
2005年 | 333篇 |
2004年 | 355篇 |
2003年 | 339篇 |
2002年 | 394篇 |
2001年 | 308篇 |
2000年 | 313篇 |
1999年 | 273篇 |
1998年 | 287篇 |
1997年 | 267篇 |
1996年 | 269篇 |
1995年 | 240篇 |
1994年 | 241篇 |
1993年 | 242篇 |
1992年 | 284篇 |
1991年 | 263篇 |
1990年 | 207篇 |
1989年 | 178篇 |
1988年 | 173篇 |
1987年 | 210篇 |
1986年 | 207篇 |
1985年 | 279篇 |
1984年 | 298篇 |
1983年 | 284篇 |
1982年 | 253篇 |
1981年 | 246篇 |
1980年 | 236篇 |
1979年 | 249篇 |
1978年 | 157篇 |
1977年 | 151篇 |
1976年 | 106篇 |
1975年 | 132篇 |
1974年 | 96篇 |
1973年 | 102篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
I. E. Ilina E. N. Zharova S. P. Burlankov 《Studies on Russian Economic Development》2018,29(2):207-213
This paper presents an approach to assessing the efficacy of public spending on research and development in state programs. At present, there is a need to develop a unified approach to the analysis and evaluation of the efficacy of such spending from the perspective of participants in state programs (federal executive bodies). The proposed approach does not allow evaluating the efficacy of public spending on the development of research areas assigned to the authors. 相似文献
2.
3.
Growing urbanisation in South Africa is reflected in burgeoning Working class and informal township settlements on the fringes of its major towns and cities. Paired with this is an increasing reliance on cash as the primary means of economic transaction, which has in turn stimulated the growth of micro-enterprise business activities within the township context. This article discusses the findings of an eight-township small-area census which occurred between 2010 and 2013 in Cape Town, Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Durban townships representing 250 000 residents. The researchers were able to establish the scope and scale of informal food and drink retailing in these localities. Of the 10 049 micro-enterprises located in the study, some 3966 (or 39% of the total) trade in food. These include enterprises in primary production, fresh produce retailing, grocery retailing from house and spaza shops, and informal foodservice enterprises. Food is the basis for much township informal business and plays an important role in making food increasingly affordable and locally accessible, and in creating cash employment. The article builds on the knowledge base of the township informal economy role in bolstering food security needs for the marginalised. 相似文献
4.
Yang Seung Lee 《International economic journal》2019,33(1):170-188
This paper develops a tractable model of examining how factor heterogeneity and imperfect factor market interact for determining a pattern of trade. Institution plays a crucial role for the interaction. In my work, firm productivity is defined as a composition of factor productivity and technology. Thus, input selection should affect the pattern of Melitz’s intra-industry allocation due to the incurring transaction cost. For a simple model, I assume two factors (labor and capital) and two sectors, which are relatively less institution-dependent and relatively more institution-dependent. When the economy is open, effect of the transaction cost on income distribution is more drastic for an institutionally underdeveloped country. Depending on institutional quality, the economic openness reallocates resource across countries through job creation or job destruction. The job turnovers redistribute income between heterogeneous labors within countries. The income redistribution is catalyzed by international mobility of capital. As a result, income disparity is widened between the institutionally developed country and the institutionally underdeveloped country. This paper can contribute to the literature of institution and international trade. 相似文献
5.
Pik-Yin Foo Voon-Hsien Lee Keng-Boon Ooi Garry Wei-Han Tan Amrik Sohal 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2021,30(8):4136-4153
This study aims to empirically evaluate the predictors that influence sustainability performance among manufacturing firms. Leadership and management, green and lean practices, and guanxi were examined to determine whether these predictors are directly and/or indirectly affecting sustainability performance; 160 valid responses were collected and partial-least-squares-structural-equation-modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that leadership and management positively influenced green and lean practices and green and lean practices positively influenced sustainability performance. Leadership and management also positively influenced guanxi. Interestingly, leadership and management and guanxi do not exert a significant direct influence on sustainability performance. The findings contributed to the development of the resource-based-view theory further by empirically exploring the significance of leadership and management coupled with green and lean practices as competencies and capability to drive sustainability performance. The testing of the dual mediators' effects further added value to this study. 相似文献
6.
Bruce E. Kaufman Michael Barry Adrian Wilkinson Rafael Gomez 《Human Resource Management Journal》2021,31(1):65-92
This paper constructs alternative balanced scorecards based on high‐performance work system (HPWS) and employment relations system (ERS) models. The models are depicted and compared in diagrams and used as framework skeletons for building separate HPWS and ERS scorecards, intended to provide a detailed data picture of the operational health and performance of an organization's employment/HR system and its operations, processes, and inputs/outputs. The scorecards are filled in with nationally representative data from 2,000+ U.S. workplaces using more than 50 employment/HR indicators, as reported by separate panels of managers and employees. The indicators for each workplace are aggregated into an overall HR/employment system score, ranked from low‐to‐high, and graphed as frequency distributions. These distributions provide a unique snapshot picture of the mean and dispersion of the state of employment relations and HR system performance for companies across the United State. They also reveal that “models matter” since the HPWS and ERS scorecards provide distinctly different evaluation assessments. 相似文献
7.
This paper investigates not only the question of whether there is exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) but also the extent to which the pass‐through is asymmetric or state‐dependent in the BRICS countries. Using monthly data from 1999:M1 to 2019:M12 and non‐linear smooth transition vector autoregressive (STVAR) model, our results provide evidence of period‐specific ERPT between the upper and lower regime periods, governed by the selected transition variables. The results further suggest that the pass‐through of exchange rate is higher when the economy is experiencing large appreciations and expansions as well as large depreciations and recessions. Theimplication for these findings is that ERPT is strongly affected by the state of the economy. 相似文献
8.
Journal of Business Ethics - We seek to understand how third-party observers respond to allegations of sexual transgressions, whether their responses vary and if so why, how they determine... 相似文献
9.
This paper studies the expansion of an option price (with bounded Lipschitz payoff) in a stochastic volatility model including a local volatility component. The stochastic volatility is a square root process, which is widely used for modeling the behavior of the variance process (Heston model). The local volatility part is of general form, requiring only appropriate growth and boundedness assumptions. We rigorously establish tight error estimates of our expansions, using Malliavin calculus. The error analysis, which requires a careful treatment because of the lack of weak differentiability of the model, is interesting on its own. Moreover, in the particular case of call–put options, we also provide expansions of the Black–Scholes implied volatility that allow to obtain very simple formulas that are fast to compute compared to the Monte Carlo approach and maintain a very competitive accuracy. 相似文献
10.
This paper examines how power affects consumers’ responses to corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of luxury brands. The results of three studies show that high‐power individuals evaluated a luxury brand's CSR campaign more positively than low‐power individuals. High‐power individuals viewed CSR activities as being more fluent than low‐power individuals. This study further demonstrates that power influences consumers’ responses to nonluxury brand's CSR activities. Low‐power individuals, who are more receptive to warmth, evaluated nonluxury brand's CSR more favorably rather than high‐power individuals. 相似文献