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排序方式: 共有1113条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Michal Kvasnička Rostislav Staněk Ondřej Krčál 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2018,18(1):47-58
This paper studies the effect of station density on prices in the retail gasoline market in the Czech Republic. We estimate the impact of the number of competing stations in various driving-distance ranges around each station on prices. We find that station density has a negative effect on prices; the effect decreases with distance and is statistically significant up to six kilometers. This suggests that the retail gasoline market is local rather than national. 相似文献
2.
3.
Marketing program standardization: A cross-country exploration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study explores the antecedents and consequences of marketing program standardization in subsidiaries of multinational corporations by contrasting the case of a lead market (Japan) and of an emerging market (Turkey). The findings show that: (1) marketing program standardization is positively related to performance in Japan and Turkey; (2) centralization of nonproduct decision is negatively related to performance in both markets; (3) customer similarity is positively related to marketing program standardization in both Japan and Turkey. Whereas, in Japan, marketing program standardization has a direct, positive relationship to performance, in Turkey, in addition to such a direct effect, there is also an indirect effect at work, through centralization of nonproduct decision. 相似文献
4.
Thomas D. Willett Aida Budiman Arthur Denzau Gab-Je Jo Cesar Ramos John Thomas 《The World Economy》2004,27(1):25-44
Various claims have been made about the causes of the Asian crisis and its spread. Here, we use data on the behaviour of capital flows during the crisis to test the strong forms of four such hypotheses, that portfolio investors and hedge funds played a dominant role in initiating and/or spreading the crisis; that moral hazard kept efficient markets from predicting the crisis; and, finally, the common lender hypothesis of Kaminsky and Reinhart. In the process we also test implications of the Calvo-Mendoza model of rational investor ignorance. All are falsified as monocausal explanations. For example, portfolio investments that could not have been subject to substantial moral hazard continued to flow into Asia until very shortly before the crisis. Likewise, banks were a much larger source of capital outflows during the crisis than were portfolio investors. While falsified in their strongest forms, several of these hypotheses in less strong forms should play a role in a more nuanced analysis. It is necessary to move past simple single-factor approaches in order to produce a more complete, synthetic explanation of this episode. 相似文献
5.
Antoine Bouët Yvan Decreux Lionel Fontagné Sébastien Jean David Laborde 《Review of International Economics》2008,16(5):850-863
This paper presents MAcMap–HS‐6, a database providing a consistent, ad valorem equivalent measure of tariff duties and tariff rate quotas for 163 countries and 208 partners, at the six‐digit level of the Harmonized System (5111 products), accounting for all preferential agreements. We describe the methodology used to compute and aggregate an ad valorem equivalent of applied protection. Emphasis is placed on minimizing the endogeneity bias in the aggregation procedure, while acknowledging structural differences in export specialization. The resulting quantitative assessment is illustrated by giving an overview of applied protection across the world in 2001, in terms of average as well as distribution. 相似文献
6.
Bert Piëst 《Small Business Economics》1994,6(5):387-395
Although it is generally assumed that planning is of great value for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME's), little is known about the conditions that influence the organization of the planning process. In this paper it is hypothesized that planning comprehensiveness is, to a certain extent, related to the complexity and variability of the strategies pursued by SME's. This hypothesis is partially supported by an empirical study in which 154 SME's in the Dutch Machinery Industry are involved. 相似文献
7.
This paper deals with the problem of implementing the Walras correspondence via Nash equilibria, in exchange economies with infinitely many commodities and finitely many households with possibly non-ordered
preferences. We explicitly construct a feasible mechanism enjoying some features, which have natural economic meanings. Under
a fairly weak boundary condition, this game fully implements the Walras equilibria. If this condition is not fulfilled, our
mechanism nevertheless implements the constrained Walras equilibria.
Received: 11 December 2003, Accepted: 29 July 2005
JEL Classification:
D41, D43, D51
We thank (without implicating) Prof. Jean-Marc Bonnisseau and Cuong Le Van for helpful comments. The views expressed in this
paper reflect those of the authors and not necessarily those of Calyon. 相似文献
8.
We study the local turnpike property for two classes of infinite-horizon discrete-time deterministic maximization problems
which have common applications, e.g., optimal growth theory. We follow a functional-analytic approach and rely on an implicit
function theorem for the space of the sequences which converge to zero. We shall assume the existence of an optimal path which
is not necessarily a steady-state. Relying on material developped in Blot and Crettez (Decis Econo Finance 27:1–34, 2004),
“On the smoothness of optimal paths” Decis Econ Finance, 21:1–34, 2004), we provide conditions under which a variation in
the initial conditions (i.e., capital stock and discount rate) yields an optimal solution which converges toward a reference
solution when time becomes infinite. We also provide new results on bounded solutions of difference equations.
We gratefully thank the editor, Silvano Holzer, and two anonymous referees for remarks and advices on a previous version of
this paper. 相似文献
9.
In this paper we study a generalization of the dynamic Leontief input–output model. We extend the standard dynamic Leontief model with the balance equation of non-renewable resources. Obviously, the non-renewable stocks will decrease, exploiting primary resources. In this study we examine the controllability of this extended model by taking the consumption as the control parameter. Assuming balanced growth for both consumption and production, we investigate how long these scarce resources will cover the input needs of production and how the lifetime of the system depends on the balanced growth rate and on the consumption. In doing so, we apply classic results from control theory and on eigenvalue problems in linear algebra. 相似文献
10.
The theory of fuzzy sets is applied to the output decisions of a price-taking firm facing imprecise information about expected future prices. Accepting risk resulting from the randomness of prices, the manager is interested in expected profits only. Since the set of possible expected-price vectors is fuzzy, a suitable defuzzification strategy is defined in analogy to the pessimism-optimism index proposed by L. Hurwicz. It depends on the manager's willingness to accept surprises resulting from a deviation of the true expected prices from the values that guided output decisions. Despite a linear cost function, well specified solutions to the optimization problem are possible without resorting to capacity constraints. 相似文献