服务贸易壁垒的测量与建模——兼谈澳大利亚经验

一、为何担心？ 　　为什么贸易理论家和贸易政策实施者应该为服务业担心？ 　　首先,世界国民生产总值（GDP）的60%是靠服务业获取的（世界银行2001）.这并不仅仅是一个富国经济现象--世界发展报告列出的132个国家中有119个国家的服务业在GDP中所占的份额超过其工业份额,其中81个国家--从孟加拉国、博茨瓦纳到赞比亚、滓巴布韦--的服务业占它们所在国GDP的份额超过了50%.     

Wird die Konjunkturkomponente der Schuldenbremse ihrer Aufgabe noch gerecht?

Wirtschaftsdienst - In der Debatte um die Schuldenbremse geht es zumeist um eine Grundgesetzänderung. Dabei ist ein wesentlicher Teil der Schuldenbremse — die Konjunkturkomponente,...     

Communicating culture change

Using a case study of a large public sector department the relationship between communication and change in a public sector department and the human resource implications of that relationship are considered. Senior administrators of the department signified their intention to change the culture from one that was considered to be bureaucratic, technically oriented and inward-looking to one more outward-looking, continually learning, more relationship-oriented internally and inclusive of broader ‘whole of government’ objectives such as commercialization, the environment, social justice and community relations. Findings from the research indicate that, despite an objective of shifting to a state of continual change with the mode of communication becoming two-way and dialogic, the communication mechanism has faltered due to a failure to address the need of lower-level staff for a set vision and stated future direction. Implications of these findings are drawn for public sector organizations in general.     

Brand orientation in the charity sector: a framework for discussion and research

Some charity organisations are turning to charity brand status, not only in terms of a name and logo but more importantly in terms of communicating value and meaning to their stakeholders. Brand orientation is described in this paper as the extent to which charity organisations regard themselves as brands, an indication of how much (or how little) organisations accept the theory and practice of branding. Through literature‐based and field‐based research, this paper examines the nature of brand orientation in the charity sector. A conceptual framework of brand orientation is proposed with antecedent factors which may augment or diminish levels of brand orientation and consequences which may follow its adoption. A number of research propositions are put forward which constitute both a framework for discussion and a research agenda for the charity sector. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications     

The face and voice of volunteering: a suitable case for branding?

Volunteers make a substantial contribution to UK society but the level of volunteering has peaked and may, in part, be due to the poor ‘image’ of volunteering. Through qualitative research, this study explores the need to re-shape perceptions of volunteering and the extent to which this may be achieved through branding. Key findings suggest that although there is much consistency in perceptions about generic volunteering, perceptions of the different strands of volunteering, such as governance and campaigning, are different and may require individual development as sub-brands. It is argued that Volunteering England is best placed to lead a brand development programme, supported by managers of national and local bodies as well as volunteers to create a new visual identity and, importantly, key messages that will resonate with current and potential volunteers across different areas of activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Organizational views of transfer pricing

Models of organization provide different sets of conceptual lenses for describing a transfer pricing decision context. Each model provides different explanations or views of events. Implications of these models or views for framing this decision context as well as for the dimensions and process of choice are discussed.     

Understanding the relationship between holiday taking and self‐assessed health: an exploratory study of senior tourism

The senior market is particularly attractive to the tourism industry. Alongside evidence of a growing propensity to travel and spend, consumption is often deliberately linked to low seasons, balancing out the peaks and valleys for tourism suppliers. Health is one variable which is particularly significant to this consumer. Personal health influences all patterns of consumer behaviour regardless of age, although the full extent to which this models senior tourism activity is unclear. An exploratory qualitative study was undertaken in the spring of 2005, with 22 senior consumers (aged 55 years plus) interviewed. Utilizing the earlier work by Zimmer et al.into self‐assessed health as a framework, travel propensity, the perceived effects of travel and factors inhibiting full participation were questioned. Conclusions drawn outline both a senior tourism typology and areas for future research. Notably the relationship between caregiving and tourism consumption is singled out for further investigation.     

The impact of brand orientation on managerial practice: a quantitative study of the UK's top 500 fundraising managers

This paper explores the impact of brand orientation on the managerial practices of fundraising managers in the top 500 UK charities and, in particular, on their ability to attract voluntary income. A series of hypotheses was tested including whether level of brand orientation is associated with different patterns of influence within charities, with the range and type of brand communicators used and with the extent to which organisational objectives are fulfilled. A key finding of the research was that high brand‐oriented fundraising managers attract significantly more voluntary income than low brand‐oriented fundraisers, but that level of brand orientation was not related to statutory income. Such findings are consistent with current theory and practice of branding in which a brand is perceived as a product or organisation plus, where the plus indicates a unique set of values which allows differentiation and hence, donor choice, within competitive environments. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications     

ARTHUR SELDON: GREAT EDITOR, THINKER AND RADICAL ECONOMIST

Arthur Seldon, the founder editor of Economic Affairs and first Editorial Director of the IEA, died in October 2005, a few weeks before the 25th anniversary issue went to press. Many tributes have been paid to Arthur Seldon in obituaries in The Economist and the major national newspapers. In this special section of Economic Affairs we reproduce four of the speeches given at his memorial service on 15 January 2006. Respectively, they illustrate the fond affection for Arthur Seldon felt by Ralph Harris, the founder General Director of the IEA; Stuart Waterhouse, a fellow LSE student; Martin Anderson, who worked with Arthur Seldon editing Economic Affairs; and Geoffrey Howe, former Chancellor of the Exchequer. Three members of Arthur Seldon's family also spoke at the memorial service. Their talks concentrated on Arthur Seldon's family life, but the following more general thoughts particularly resonated with all present. His adopted son, Michael Perrott, commented that he was ‘a lion amongst thinkers, timeless and uncompromising’. Peter Seldon spoke of his father as ‘a visionary’ and ‘a genius’; he concluded, ‘we are all unique but the word could have been invented for Arthur’. Peter's brother Anthony Seldon commented that ‘he [Arthur] lives on in all of us’. – Philip Booth     

Conceptualizing Work,Family and Community: A Socio‐Ecological Systems Model,Taking Account of Power,Time, Space and Life Stage

A large body of empirical research now exists about ‘work and family’, much of it in agreement on critical issues. However, it is under‐conceptualized, it over‐researches professional and managerial workers and it under‐attends the larger terrain of work, family and community. This contribution argues the case for a stronger analytical framework around work, family and community and the ways in which they intersect, drawing on concepts commonly used in the field of employment relations. The article utilizes a body of empirical research about work, family and community in Australia to develop Voydanoff's ecological systems model of work, home and community, arguing that it is vital to unpack the ‘black box’ of ‘work’ in a multi‐layered way, to give appropriate weight to various sources of power, and to avoid an individualistic approach to the reconciliation of work, home and community life by locating analysis in a larger social and political context. The contribution proposes a ‘socio‐ecological systems’ model of work, home and community that delineates the four issues of power, time, space and life stage.