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排序方式: 共有568条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This paper attempts to understand what drives Japanese venture capital (JVC) fund managers to select either active managerial monitoring or portfolio diversification to manage their firms' investment risks [J. Bus. Venturing 4 (1989) 231]. Unlike U.S. venture capitalists that use active managerial monitoring to gain private information in order to maximize returns [J. Finance 50 (1995) 301], JVCs have traditionally used portfolio diversification to attenuate investment risks [Hamada, Y., 2001. Nihon no Bencha Kyapitaru no Genkyo (Current State of Japanese Venture Capital), Nihon Bencha Gakkai VC Seminar, May 7]. We found that performance pay is positively related to active monitoring and that management ownership is positively related to active monitoring and negatively related to portfolio diversification. The managerial implication of our study is that venture capitalists should be as concerned about the structure of their incentive systems for their fund managers as they are for their investee-firm entrepreneurs. Agency theory says that contingent compensation is a self-governing mechanism for individual effort that is difficult to measure and verify. When properly applied, equity ownership and performance-based pay can have powerful influencing effects on the strategic choices of managers. 相似文献
2.
3.
Insights from the resource dependence approach, dynamic fit, and strategic choice theories are used to explore the strategies adopted by Chinese enterprises, their settings, and the relationship between strategy, environment, and performance. Results from 959 firms indicate that respondents operating under ‘more marketized’ institutional settings tend to locate themselves in more munificent environments and place greater emphasis on meeting customer needs. Firms in China do not trade off one strategic direction against another, and certain strategy/environment coalignments have significant implications for performance. In particular, performance is better in more marketized and munificent environments and amongst firms who adopt an ‘aggressive’ strategic posture. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Phillip J. Bryson 《Intereconomics》2003,38(5):276-282
The arrival of the 2001–2003 recession caused many to suppose that the so-called “New Economy” was now defunct. This article
addresses a number of related issues, including the question of the durability and viability of business cycles in the face
of the technological developments of the information age. It asks what went wrong with the New Economy and examines its characteristics
as well as its remaining possibilities and prospects for the future. Finally, it considers the spread of the Information Economy
to Europe, especially to Germany, the country that one might expect to be the leading European player, but which is not at
present actually a strong competitor for that role. 相似文献
5.
Howard Davies 《Managerial and Decision Economics》1992,13(6):539-541
This note uses survey evidence drawn from the machine tool industry in three countries to identify some of the differences in form between technology transfers which are internalized and those governed by licensing contracts between independent firms. The results show that, consistent with transactions cost theory, the internalized mode of governance leads to the transfer of a much broader range of information and skills than licensed transactions. 相似文献
6.
This article is a preliminary report on an investigation into the processes of investment decision-making. Three case studies from three firms are presented which show disparities in a number of aspects of process, for example, the length of time taken to arrive at a decision, the number and intensity of disagreements and uncertainties encountered. Data were collected for these cases through semi-structured interviewing from multiple informants in the three organizations, thereby permitting the use of analysis of variance techniques of the different perspectives given by informants. Perceptions of the effectiveness of the decisions were also gathered. One finding from the study is that the decisions with the lowest perceived effectiveness (in firm HE) also lost support from those involved in making the decision during the process, although the decision was eventually implemented. This decision also had the least agreement amongst informants as to the main sources of disagreements. Informants of all three decisions saw effect upon product quality and productivity, fit with business strategy and competitive position of the company as the most important factors to take into account in evaluating the decisions. In firm CG, however, there were disagreements as to how the investment should be evaluated. In the conclusions to the article a disucssion is given as to the nature of evaluation procedures in relation to the developing theory of information systems. 相似文献
7.
Tax treaties are often viewed as a mechanism for eliminating tax competition, however, this approach ignores the need for bargaining over the treaty's terms. This paper focuses on how bargaining can affect the withholding taxes set under the treaty. In a simple framework, we develop hypotheses about patterns in treaty tax rates. A key determinant for these patterns is the relative size of bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) activity. In plausible situations, more asymmetric countries will negotiate treaties with higher tax rates. This theory is then tested using 1992 data from US and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) bilateral tax treaties. Overall, the data supports the prediction that greater asymmetric FDI activity increases the negotiated tax rates. 相似文献
8.
An analysis of the way in which primary age children design, particularly when working with a professional designer, suggests that there are several similarities in approach between the two. This observation is supported by evidence from developmental psychology, which has stressed the crucial role which play performs in developing children's inventiveness and ability to solve problems. Subsequent research focusing on children's designing suggests that this play is fundamental to designing activity, and extends naturally into the more formalised activities of drawing and modelling. Through playing and using narrative language to describe their actions, children are learning to interpret their own mental images. To develop these images and make them more concrete children use their hands in drawing and modelling whilst drawing on their accumulated personal knowledge about the activity of designing, in a similar way to that in which professional designers make use of their own, highly sophisticated skills to bring an idea to concrete fruition. By comparison with some of the rigid models of the design process described in schools, designers and children may have more in common than we realise. 相似文献
9.
This study examines how ownership concentration and corporate debt impact corporate divestitures in China. Corporate divestitures
reduce the asset base of a company and the opportunity for expropriation by majority shareholders. In emerging economies,
weak legal institutions, combined with equity ownership concentration and high corporate debt, allow majority shareholders
to avoid such disciplines. Consequently, the relationship between these governance mechanisms and divestiture activity exhibits
a pattern that is different from that in developed economies. Using archival data collected from 1,210 Chinese listed companies
during 1999–2003, we found that ownership concentration by the largest shareholder depressed corporate divestitures both in
state-controlled and in non-state-controlled firms. The negative effect of corporate debt on divestitures only existed for
state-controlled firms. Our finding provides corroborating evidence for principal–principal conflicts in emerging economies.
It suggests that corporate strategy in these countries can be better explained by taking into account the unique agency problems
that are prevalent in these economies. 相似文献
10.
Dan Davies 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2003,13(3):207-221
This article reports on one outcome from a three-year study with pre-service primary teachers at Goldsmiths' College, University
of London. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of participants' prior educational experience and beliefs
about the relationship between design & technology (D&T) and science on their lesson planning for these subjects during school
placements. Data from the study support a three-domain model of pre-service teachers' thinking and action. When operating
within the pragmatic domain, participants are primarily concerned with survival in the classroom, resulting in short-term planning which may contradict
their epistemological and curricular beliefs. In the pedagogical domain, the focus shifts from the pre-service teacher themselves and their immediate survival to the learning potential of
the activities they plan. There is evidence that some participants have progressed to operating within a philosophical domain, leading to clasroom practice which reflects and re-conceptualises pre-service teachers' core beliefs about the nature
of, and relationship between, D&T and science.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献