Sistemas de jubilación y reformas de los regímenes de pensiones en Malasia

Se evalúan en este artículo los problemas actuales de los sistemas de jubilación malasios y las reformas emprendidas recientemente. Se analizan y comparan los modelos de regímenes de pensiones de la OIT, el Banco Mundial y la Geneva Association, generando un marco conceptual para el diseño y la reforma de regímenes de pensiones. A continuación se utiliza este marco para evaluar las reformas emprendidas en Malasia y sus ventajas e inconvenientes para los trabajadores. Los autores concluyen con recomendaciones para reformas futuras.     

How Do Digital Technologies Drive Economic Growth?

This paper seeks to provide new empirical evidence that demonstrates the importance of digital technologies in promoting economic growth, drawing on the literature on advances in growth and leveraging a broader and more robust country‐level panel dataset. In particular, this paper estimates the long‐run economic impact of digital technologies using mobile phone penetration and internet usage as broad indicators. The empirical results suggest that, between 2004 and 2014, the diffusion of digital technologies significantly improved economic output in Australia and abroad, contributing to steady‐state gross domestic product per capita growth of approximately 5.8 per cent on average. These findings could serve as the starting‐point for predictions about the likely impact of future technologies, providing a better understanding for policy‐makers in prioritising initiatives that will continue to lift living standards in the coming years.     

Labour Market Policies and Long-term Unemployment in a Flow Model of the Australian Labour Market

This paper develops a general equilibrium job matching model, which is used to assess the impact of active labour market policies, reductions in unemployment benefits and reductions in worker bargaining power on long-term unemployment and other key macro variables. The model is calibrated using Australian data. Simulation experiments are conducted through impulse response analysis. The simulations suggest that active labour market programs (ALMPs) targeted at the long-term unemployed have a small net impact and produce adverse spillover effects on short-term unemployment. Reducing the level of unemployment benefits relative to wages and worker bargaining power have more substantial effects on total and long-term unemployment and none of the spillover effects of ALMPs.     

YAMAZAWA'S OPEN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION: AN INDIAN OCEAN GROUPING FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION

With the landmark economic reforms in South Asia and political changes in South Africa, several issues concerning trade and investment have emerged within the Indian Ocean region and internationally. Following the concept of “open economic association” introduced by Yamazawa, the question examined in this paper is whether a market-driven economic integration is emerging involving the Indian Ocean Rim countries.     

Pastoral Livelihoods in Tanzania: Can the Maasai Benefit from Conservation?

The Maasai pastoralists of Northern Tanzania live in areas of unique conservation value. There is a widespread belief dating from colonial times that Maasai cattle herding is unproductive and detrimental to the region's wildlife. The increase in the Maasai population has fuelled this belief and has led to their exclusion from their traditional land and a breakdown in their land management strategies. This decreases their capacity to maintain a livelihood, and so they must turn to non-traditional methods. This paper looks at how the Maasai have been excluded from their lands and why this has caused traditional livelihoods to become unsustainable. It then goes on to suggest that community-based tourism offers possible alternative sustainable solutions both to the Maasai and to conservationists.