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Svante Prado 《The Economic history review》2014,67(2):382-408
This article applies Harberger's yeast versus mushrooms dichotomy to Swedish manufacturing industries in the four decades prior to the First World War. The evidence, broken down to cover five sub‐periods, points to a growth process resembling that of mushrooms more than that of yeast. In addition, it is argued that a yeast‐like (even) pattern of productivity growth rates invites one to search for a general purpose technology at work, whereas mushroom‐like progress leads one to dismiss the idea that a small number of technologies spilled over to a large number of manufacturing processes. The era under investigation coincides with the peak of the use of steam power and the infancy of electricity. The evidence makes it unlikely that steam in Sweden was a general purpose technology with the potential to affect the progress in productivity across industries in a yeast‐like fashion. The rampant spread of electricity may have contributed to the yeast‐like pattern in the last sub‐period preceding the First World War. 相似文献
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Svante Lifvergren Ida Gremyr Andreas Hellström Alexander Chakhunashvili Bo Bergman 《Operations Management Research》2010,3(3-4):117-128
The Skaraborg Hospital Group (SkaS) has implemented a variety of quality management initiatives in the last 20 years in accordance with its strategy of excelling at quality development to fulfill the needs and expectations of its patients. One such initiative is Six Sigma, which has contributed to more than 40 completed improvement projects. Using an action research approach, this article describes the lessons that were learned from the first 22 Six Sigma projects, completed between 2006 and 2008 and having a success rate of 75%. We further describe how these insights have contributed to other ongoing quality improvement activities at SkaS. In particular, the paper presents some key points not earlier described in other Six Sigma healthcare applications. 相似文献
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Measures of similarity between distributions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Eleven criteria are suggested as suitable for measures of similarity between distributions. For seven measures it is discussed whether they satisfy these measures or not. Two measures, the proportional similarity and the Hellinger coefficient satisfy all the eleven criteria. 相似文献
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Markus Wråke Erica Myers Dallas Burtraw Svante Mandell Charles Holt 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2010,46(3):331-336
An important feature of emissions trading is how emissions permits are allocated. The choice between an auction and free allocation
should not influence firms’ production choices nor consumer prices according to economic theory. However, many parties expect
the method of allocation to affect product prices. This paper describes an experimental investigation into price determination
under a cap-and-trade program with different allocation methods. Participants initially display diverse pricing strategies.
However, given a simple economic setting in which earnings depend on behavior, we find that subjects learn to consider the
opportunity cost of permits and overall behavior moves toward the economic prediction. 相似文献
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A wealth of research in the past decades has examined born globals or international new ventures, which are firms that from inception view the whole world as a market and as a source to access resources. Many of these firms build their competitive advantage on high-tech knowledge. However, although many studies have shown how born globals can achieve success if they access resources through their relationships from actors in their networks, few studies have explored the relationship between born globals and universities. Universities are important actors in creating new technology knowledge, and many studies have shown how new firms, or so-called university spin-offs (USOs), are formed around universities. The current study explores why some USOs are successful in their international growth strategy and discusses the factors that influence and facilitate the internationalization process. The study investigates 10 USOs around the newly established Halmstad University in Sweden and finds that universities have a positive effect on firm creation and initial international growth. The regional competence base increases from the establishment of a local university, primarily by strengthening the regional human capital and by increasing university research. This study shows that researcher entrepreneurs’ ventures start as born globals, but that these firms do not continue to grow. Born global business models, per se, do not lead to competitive advantage and successful internationalization. Instead, a strategy built on customer focus and an ability to adapt to different customer demands lead to growth, and the location of growth is dependent on the size of the home market. This study also shows that student entrepreneurship can be a successful growth strategy for USOs focusing on both international and local markets. 相似文献
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Internationalization in different industrial contexts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The important questions in a firm's internationalization strategy deal with which national markets they should enter and the order in which the chosen markets should be entered. Different theoretical scenarios provide a range of answers to these questions. In this article, it is argued that the appropriateness of the theories depends on the industrial context to which it is applied. The international development of some Swedish firms in mature and high-growth industries is discussed. Whether a theory is appropriate depends on the firms' degree of internationalization and whether the industry is mature or growing. International entrepreneurship literature has been shown to enhance understanding of the early stages of a firms' internationalization in growing industries. 相似文献